K: Glossary Terms

K

Keltner Channels(Keltner Channel) StocksCrypto

A volatility band indicator plotting an exponentially smoothed price line with an upper and lower boundary placed a multiple of the average true range away from it. Because the width is driven by average true range rather than standard deviation, the boundaries are smoother than Bollinger Bands and react less abruptly to a single outsized period. Full guide →

Kelly criterion(Kelly fraction) StocksCrypto

A formula for selecting the fraction of capital that maximizes long-run expected logarithmic wealth under known outcome probabilities and payoffs; estimation error can make full Kelly aggressive.

know your customerCrypto

Identity verification and risk profiling that a regulated financial firm performs before and during a customer relationship. It typically collects legal name, date of birth, address, and a government identifier, verifies them against documents or databases, screens against sanctions and politically exposed person lists, and assigns a risk rating that determines how closely activity is monitored. It is one component of the broader anti-money laundering program rather than a standalone rule.

KAMAStocksCrypto

Kaufman's adaptive moving average, which varies its own smoothing according to how directional recent price action has been. It computes an efficiency ratio, the net price change over the window divided by the sum of the absolute bar-to-bar changes, so a straight move scores near one and choppy action near zero. That ratio is mapped between a fast and a slow smoothing constant, so the average tracks price closely in trends and flattens out in noise.

keeperStocksCrypto

An external bot or participant that calls protocol functions when specified conditions occur, such as liquidations, rebalances, or auctions.

KYCCrypto

Know your customer: the identity verification a regulated financial institution performs before opening an account and maintains afterwards. It typically covers legal name, date of birth, address, an identity document, and for entities the beneficial owners behind them. It feeds ongoing transaction monitoring and is the front end of anti-money-laundering compliance. Each jurisdiction's regulator sets the requirements, so the evidence demanded varies by country and institution type.

Kimchi PremiumCrypto

The historical term for crypto prices trading at a premium on South Korean exchanges relative to offshore venues, driven by local demand and capital-flow constraints.

Key CompromiseCrypto

Unauthorized access to a private key, signer, seed phrase, or credential that can allow an attacker to authorize transactions.

Key RotationCrypto

Replacing an active signing key while preserving account ownership or permissions, reducing exposure after compromise or as part of routine security.

Keeper NetworkCrypto

A decentralized or managed network of automation agents that trigger smart-contract functions when defined conditions are met.

Kink Rate ModelCrypto

An interest-rate curve that increases borrowing rates more sharply once utilization exceeds a predefined threshold or kink.

KYC-Gated DeFiCrypto

A blockchain financial application that requires identity verification or approved credentials before allowing specified activity.

Kill SwitchStocksCrypto

A risk-control mechanism that rapidly blocks new orders and may cancel existing orders for a trader, strategy, account, or connection.

Kyle's LambdaStocksCrypto

A market-impact coefficient estimating how strongly prices move in response to signed order flow, often used as a liquidity measure.

KurtosisStocksCrypto

A statistical measure related to tail heaviness and distribution shape, often discussed as excess kurtosis relative to a normal distribution.

Kagi ChartStocksCrypto

A price-focused chart that changes direction only after a chosen reversal amount and varies line thickness according to prior highs and lows. Full guide →

Kijun-senStocksCrypto

The Ichimoku base line, typically the midpoint of the highest high and lowest low over a medium lookback period.

Klinger Volume Oscillator(KVO) StocksCrypto

A volume-based oscillator intended to compare short- and long-term money-flow trends using price range and volume.

K-RatioStocksCrypto

A performance metric developed by Lars Kestner that measures the consistency of an equity curve's growth over time by regressing cumulative log returns against time and dividing the slope by its standard error. Full guide →

Know Sure Thing(KST) StocksCrypto

A momentum oscillator developed by Martin Pring that smooths and weights four different rate-of-change periods into a single line, designed to capture momentum shifts across multiple timeframes with less noise than a single ROC.

Kiddie TaxStocks

A rule taxing a child's unearned income (such as dividends, interest, and capital gains in a custodial account) above a threshold at the parent's marginal tax rate instead of the child's own lower rate, intended to prevent shifting investment income to a child's bracket to reduce a family's total tax. Full guide →

K-1(Schedule K-1, Form K-1) Stocks

An IRS tax form that a partnership, including a master limited partnership, issues each year to report a unitholder's share of the entity's income, deductions, and credits, which the investor must include on their personal tax return. Unlike a Form 1099 from a corporation, a K-1 passes through the partnership's tax attributes directly, which can complicate tax filing and delay it until the K-1 arrives, often later in tax season than 1099s.

Key Rate Duration(partial duration) Stocks

Key rate duration measures a bond or bond portfolio's price sensitivity to a change in interest rates at one specific point on the yield curve, holding rates at other maturities constant. It shows which segment of the curve drives a portfolio's rate risk instead of assuming every maturity moves together. Full guide →

KiwiSaverStocks

KiwiSaver is New Zealand's workplace retirement savings scheme. Employees are automatically enrolled when they start a job and may opt out within a set window, contributing a chosen percentage of gross pay, matched by a minimum employer contribution and topped up by a government contribution for those meeting the annual criteria. Savings are invested in a scheme provider's funds and are generally locked until the qualifying age, with early withdrawal allowed for a first home, significant financial hardship, serious illness or permanent emigration. Rates and government contribution rules are set by legislation.

key datesStocks

Key dates are the specific year and mint mark combinations within a coin series that had unusually low production or heavy attrition, making them the scarcest and most valuable issues in that series. Collectors assembling a complete set must acquire them, so demand concentrates on a small surviving population and prices can run to many multiples of common dates in the same series. Semi-key dates form the next tier of scarcity. Because the premium is large, key dates attract counterfeiting and mint mark alteration, so third-party certification is standard at higher grades.

knock-insStocks

A knock-in is a barrier feature that leaves an option or structured product payoff inactive until the underlying trades through a specified level, at which point the contract comes to life on its stated terms. In structured notes the term usually describes downside protection that disappears: a note may return principal in full unless the underlying falls below the knock-in level during the observation period, after which the investor absorbs the decline. Whether the barrier is monitored continuously or only on set observation dates materially changes the probability of triggering it.

knock-outsStocks

A knock-out is a barrier feature that terminates an option or structured product if the underlying trades through a specified level, cancelling the remaining payoff regardless of where the price finishes. Because the holder can lose the position at the moment it becomes profitable, a knock-out contract costs less than an otherwise identical option without the barrier. Terms specify the barrier level, whether monitoring is continuous or limited to set observation dates, and whether a rebate is paid on termination. Autocallable notes use an upside knock-out to redeem early.

KICKERStocks

An extra feature attached to a debt instrument to make it more attractive to buyers, giving the lender participation beyond the stated interest. Warrants or a conversion right into equity are common, as is a share of revenue or of a property's appreciation. Issuers with weak credit or thin cash flow use one to lower the cash coupon they must pay. In mortgage lending the term also describes an equity participation the lender receives on sale or refinancing.

KBW Bank IndexStocksCrypto

A modified capitalization-weighted index of large United States banking companies, maintained by Keefe, Bruyette and Woods and quoted under the symbol BKX. Constituents are money center banks, regional lenders and thrifts chosen to represent the sector, with weights capped so no single bank dominates. It serves as the reference for bank sector exchange-traded products and listed options, and as a benchmark when comparing one bank against the group. Because bank earnings depend on interest rate spreads and credit losses, the index tends to track the yield curve and credit conditions.

KappaOptionsStocks

An option sensitivity measure giving the change in an option's theoretical value for a one percentage point change in implied volatility, the same quantity more commonly labelled vega. Some texts and risk systems prefer this label because vega is not a letter of the Greek alphabet. It is positive for long calls and long puts, largest for contracts struck near the current price, and grows with time remaining, which is why long-dated positions carry more volatility exposure per contract than near-dated ones.

Key CurrencyStocksFutures

A currency used widely outside its issuing country to settle trade, denominate debt and hold official reserves. Central banks hold reserves in key currencies, exporters invoice in them, and borrowers abroad issue bonds in them because the market is deep enough to absorb large trades at narrow spreads. Status rests on the issuer's economic size, the openness and liquidity of its financial markets, legal predictability, and confidence that the currency will hold value. A country that pegs to a key currency imports part of that issuer's monetary policy.

Knock-In OptionOptionsStocks

A barrier option that does not exist as a live option until the underlying price touches a specified barrier level. Before that point the holder has no right to exercise; once the barrier trades, an ordinary call or put comes into existence for the remaining term. Up-and-in variants activate when price rises to the barrier, down-and-in when it falls to it. Because activation is conditional, the contract costs less than the otherwise identical vanilla option, and its value is acutely sensitive to how close the price sits to the barrier and to volatility.

Korea Investment CorporationStocks

South Korea's sovereign wealth fund, established in 2005 to invest foreign currency assets entrusted to it by the government and the central bank. It allocates across public equities, fixed income, private equity, real estate, infrastructure and hedge funds, and reports to a steering committee that sets its mandate and benchmarks. Like other sovereign funds it deploys reserves that would otherwise sit in low-yielding government securities, accepting more volatility in exchange for a higher expected long-run return, and it publishes an annual report covering holdings and performance.

Korean Composite Stock Price Indexes(KOSPI) StocksCrypto

The family of benchmarks published by the Korea Exchange for shares listed in South Korea, of which the headline measure is capitalization-weighted across all common shares on the main board and rebased to a starting value on its 1980 base date. It anchors listed futures, options and exchange-traded funds. Related measures include a 200-stock large capitalization subset used for most derivatives trading, and a separate index covering the market for smaller and technology companies.

KeynesianStocks

Keynesian describes the school of macroeconomics following John Maynard Keynes, which holds that total spending drives output and employment in the short run, and that wages and prices adjust too slowly to clear markets on their own. Because saving and investment decisions are taken by different people, demand can settle below full employment and stay there. The policy implication is that government spending, taxation and monetary policy can offset shortfalls in private demand.

Kenney RuleStocks

The Kenney rule is an insurance solvency guideline that limits how much business a property and casualty insurer should write relative to the capital backing it, traditionally expressed as a ratio of net written premiums to policyholders' surplus of about two to one, with unearned premium reserves held to a similar proportion. The reasoning is that surplus absorbs adverse claims experience, so writing more premium on the same capital base thins the cushion. Regulators now apply risk-based capital formulas, and the rule survives as a rough screen.

Key MoneyStocks

Key money is a payment made to secure a lease over and above the rent, deposit and standard fees. In commercial property it is commonly paid by an incoming tenant to the outgoing tenant or the landlord for a location with established footfall or a favourable existing rent. In residential markets in some countries it is a customary lump sum paid to the landlord at the start of a tenancy. Its legality varies: several jurisdictions restrict or prohibit it in residential lettings.

Key RateStocks

A key rate is the policy interest rate a central bank sets to steer short-term borrowing costs across an economy, such as a target for the overnight interbank rate or the rate charged to banks borrowing directly from the central bank. Moving it changes what banks pay for funds, which passes through to loan and deposit pricing and, with a lag, to spending, credit growth and inflation. In fixed income analysis the same phrase also describes a specific maturity point on the yield curve used in key rate duration.

Keynesian PutStocks

The Keynesian put is the market belief that governments will respond to a sharp downturn with fiscal stimulus, so that spending and tax measures effectively place a floor under economic activity and asset prices. The phrase borrows the language of a put option, which limits downside, and parallels the older idea of a central bank put based on monetary easing. Critics argue that acting on such an expectation encourages excessive risk-taking, because participants assume losses will be cushioned by policy rather than borne in full.

Kiwi BondStocks

A Kiwi Bond is a retail debt security issued by the New Zealand Debt Management Office on behalf of the government, sold in small denominations directly to New Zealand residents rather than through a wholesale auction. It pays a fixed rate of interest quarterly over a short stated term and repays face value at maturity, and it is not listed or traded on a secondary market, though early repayment can be requested. Its purpose is to give retail savers direct access to sovereign credit.

Kuala Lumpur Stock Exchange(KLSE) StocksCrypto

The Kuala Lumpur Stock Exchange was Malaysia's national securities exchange, formed after trading in Malaysian and Singaporean shares was separated in the 1970s. It listed equities, warrants, bonds and unit trusts and operated the benchmark composite index for Malaysian shares. It was demutualized and renamed Bursa Malaysia in 2004, which now runs the securities and derivatives markets and their clearing and depository infrastructure under the supervision of the Securities Commission Malaysia.

Keogh planStocks

A Keogh plan is a United States tax-deferred retirement plan for self-employed individuals and unincorporated businesses, which may be structured as a defined contribution or a defined benefit arrangement. Contributions are generally deductible to the business and the account grows without current tax, with distributions taxed as income and early withdrawals subject to penalty rules. Contribution and benefit limits are set by statute and adjusted periodically by the Internal Revenue Service. Later legislation removed most of the distinctions that made these a separate category, so the same arrangements are now commonly described simply as qualified plans for the self-employed.

KESStocksFutures

The ISO 4217 currency code for the Kenyan shilling, the legal tender of Kenya, issued by the Central Bank of Kenya and subdivided into 100 cents. The code follows the standard convention of a two-letter country code plus a letter for the currency name, and it is what appears in exchange rate quotes, payment instructions, and cross-border settlement messages rather than the local symbol. The currency floats, with the central bank participating in the market to smooth disorderly movements.

KSOPStocks

A combined retirement plan pairing a 401(k) salary deferral arrangement with an employee stock ownership plan in one document, so employer matching contributions are made in company shares held through the stock ownership component. It lets the employer fund the match without cash and creates broad employee ownership. The concentration risk is the plain drawback: retirement savings and employment income both depend on the same company, and fiduciary duties still require prudent administration of the plan.

Kairi Relative IndexStocksCrypto

A momentum indicator of Japanese origin measuring the percentage by which the current price sits above or below its own simple moving average over a chosen lookback. A large positive reading says price has stretched far above the average and a large negative one that it has fallen far below, which mean reversion traders read as an extension likely to be retraced. Because it is scaled to the average rather than to a fixed range, thresholds must be calibrated per instrument and timeframe.

Kangaroo BondStocks

A bond denominated in Australian dollars and issued in Australia by a foreign entity, such as a supranational, an overseas bank, or a foreign corporation. Issuers use it to reach Australian investors and to obtain Australian dollar funding, frequently swapping the proceeds back into their home currency when the combined cost beats issuing domestically. Buyers gain exposure to an offshore credit without leaving their own currency. It belongs to the family of foreign bond markets that includes Yankee, Samurai, and Bulldog issues.

KangaroosStocksCrypto

Market slang for shares of Australian companies, particularly the large constituents of the All Ordinaries index, used the way commentators use nicknames for other national markets. The label carries no formal definition, membership list, or methodology. Its practical meaning is exposure to an equity market weighted heavily toward mining, energy, and banking, which is why it tends to be discussed alongside commodity prices and Chinese demand rather than as a general developed-market proxy.

Kicker PatternStocksCrypto

A two-candle reversal formation in which the second candle opens with a gap in the opposite direction to the first and is of the opposite colour, with no overlap between the two bodies. The gap is the point: it implies information arrived between sessions that changed the market's view outright rather than a gradual shift in balance, so no trades occurred at the intervening prices. It is read as one of the stronger reversal signals, and it is far rarer in continuously traded markets where gaps are uncommon.

Knowledge EconomyStocks

An economy in which output and growth depend mainly on the creation, application, and transfer of knowledge rather than on physical inputs. Its distinguishing feature is that ideas are non-rival: the same design or algorithm can be used everywhere at once, so returns concentrate with whoever holds the intellectual property and the network of users. That shifts investment toward research, software, brands, and training, which accounting standards largely expense rather than capitalise, so reported book value understates the assets these firms actually run on.

Korea Stock ExchangeStocks

The former securities exchange of South Korea, which merged in 2005 with the KOSDAQ market and the Korea Futures Exchange to form the integrated Korea Exchange. Its main board continues as the KOSPI market, whose benchmark index carries the same name, while KOSDAQ hosts smaller and technology-oriented companies. The consolidation put cash equities, derivatives, and clearing under a single operator, and the resulting exchange is among the larger venues in Asia by trading volume.

Kuwait Investment AuthorityStocks

The sovereign wealth manager of Kuwait, established in 1953 and generally described as the oldest such institution. It invests state oil revenue through two mandates: a fund that supports the national budget and a reserve intended to preserve wealth for periods after oil, into which a fixed share of revenue is transferred by law each year. Its portfolio spans public equities, fixed income, real estate, and private markets globally, and it publishes little position-level detail, which is common among sovereign investors.

KeidanrenStocks

The principal business federation of Japan, whose members are large corporations and industry associations. It represents corporate interests to government on tax, labour, energy and trade policy, publishes position papers and a corporate conduct charter, and historically coordinated the employer side of annual wage negotiations. For investors it matters as a channel through which policy on corporate governance, capital efficiency and shareholder returns is debated between the corporate sector and the ministries.

KeiretsuStocks

A grouping of Japanese companies linked by cross-shareholdings, long-term supplier relationships and, in the horizontal form, a main bank that both lends to and holds equity in members. The structure supplied patient capital and stable demand, while the cross-holdings insulated managers from takeover pressure and from outside shareholder scrutiny. Unwinding those stakes has been a central theme of Japanese governance reform, because releasing the shares raises free float and exposes capital allocation to external investors.

KiwiStocks

Market shorthand for the New Zealand dollar and, by extension, for its exchange rate against the United States dollar. It is classed as a commodity currency because New Zealand's exports are concentrated in agricultural products, so its value tends to move with those export prices and with global risk appetite. The same nickname is applied to New Zealand dollar bonds issued domestically by foreign borrowers, the local counterpart of the yankee and samurai markets.

KrugerrandFuturesStocks

A South African gold bullion coin containing one troy ounce of fine gold in a copper alloy, first minted in 1967 and later issued in fractional sizes. It carries no stated face value: it is legal tender by weight, so what it is worth follows the gold price rather than a denomination. It is bought for bullion exposure and trades at a small premium over metal content covering fabrication and distribution, with tax and reporting treatment set by the holder's own jurisdiction.

Keynes, John MaynardStocks

British economist whose General Theory argued that total output and employment are determined by aggregate demand, and that an economy can settle at an equilibrium with persistent unemployment because wages and prices adjust slowly. He introduced liquidity preference as an explanation of interest rates, along with the consumption function and the multiplier, and used them to argue for active fiscal and monetary policy in a slump. His writing on the beauty contest and on irreducible uncertainty also shaped how investors describe expectation-driven markets.

KleptocracyStocks

A system of government in which those holding power use the state to divert public resources to themselves, through embezzlement, procurement fraud, control of licences and state enterprises, and forced stakes in private businesses. Proceeds are typically moved abroad through shell companies and intermediaries, which is why anti-money-laundering rules require banks to apply enhanced scrutiny to politically exposed persons. For investors it appears as expropriation risk, unenforceable contracts, sudden regulatory reversals and sanctions exposure.

Key Man Risk(key person risk) Stocks

The exposure created when an organisation's performance depends heavily on one individual, so that their death, illness or departure would materially damage revenue, client relationships or access to credit. Funds address it with contractual key man clauses that suspend the investment period if a named manager stops devoting time to the fund. Operating businesses address it with insurance on the individual, documented succession plans and by broadening client ownership across the team.

Kinked Yield CurveStocks

A term structure with a pronounced bend at one maturity rather than a smooth progression from short to long rates, so the segments on either side have very different slopes. Kinks typically appear where concentrated supply or demand sits, such as a heavily issued benchmark maturity, a regulatory or index boundary, or the point where policy rate expectations change direction. Curve traders take butterfly positions around the kink, which profit if the bend flattens out.

KMF(Comorian franc) Stocks

The ISO 4217 currency code for the Comorian franc, the currency of the Union of the Comoros. It is issued by the Banque Centrale des Comores and is pegged to the euro at a fixed rate under a monetary arrangement with France, so its external value moves with the euro rather than independently. The peg is supported by an operations account held with the French Treasury. Convertibility and capital movements are subject to exchange controls, and the currency is not actively traded in international markets.

KOF Economic BarometerStocks

A composite leading indicator for the Swiss economy published monthly by the KOF Swiss Economic Institute at ETH Zurich. It combines a large set of variables covering manufacturing orders, construction, banking, consumption and foreign demand, selected statistically for their lead over Swiss output rather than chosen by judgment. Readings are scaled so the long-run average sits at a fixed reference level, with higher values pointing to above-average growth in coming quarters. Markets watch it as an early read on Swiss activity ahead of official output data.

Kellogg School of ManagementStocks

The graduate business school of Northwestern University, located in Evanston, Illinois. It is known for marketing, management and a heavily team-based teaching model, and offers full-time, part-time, executive and joint-degree programs alongside doctoral study in fields including finance and managerial economics. Its faculty have contributed to asset pricing and corporate finance research, and its alumni network is one route through which graduates enter consulting, investment banking and corporate leadership. Business school reputation is one input among many when evaluating a manager's background, not a measure of investment skill.

Kenneth I. ChenaultStocks

An American business executive who served as chairman and chief executive of American Express from 2001 to 2018, one of the longest tenures among large United States financial companies and one of the few held by a Black chief executive of a Fortune 500 firm. His period in charge spanned the immediate aftermath of the September 2001 attacks, which struck the area around the company's headquarters, and the 2008 financial crisis, during which American Express converted to a bank holding company. He later became a venture capital chairman and served on several public company boards.

Key RatioStocks

A financial ratio selected as one of the small number that matter most for judging a particular business or decision. Which ones qualify depends on context: a lender watches interest coverage and leverage, an equity analyst watches margins and returns on capital, and a retailer is judged partly on inventory turns and sales per square foot. Using a short list forces comparison against the same measures over time and against peers, but ratios are built from accounting figures, so differences in policy and one-off items must be normalized before any comparison means anything.

Killer BeesStocks

Advisers hired by a company to help it resist a hostile takeover, typically investment bankers, law firms, proxy solicitors and public relations specialists. Their work is to design and execute defensive measures such as a poison pill, a recapitalization, an asset sale, a search for a friendly bidder or a campaign to persuade shareholders to reject the offer. The label dates from the takeover wave of the 1980s. Because such defences can entrench management as well as improve the price, courts and shareholders scrutinize whether a defence serves the owners or the incumbents.

Knock-Out OptionOptionsStocks

A barrier option that is extinguished if the underlying trades through a specified level at any time during its life. Monitoring can be continuous or limited to fixed observation times, and that choice materially changes the value because continuous monitoring makes a breach more likely. Pricing splits the payoff into the standard option minus the portion of scenarios in which the barrier is hit, which is why the premium always sits below that of the otherwise identical vanilla contract. Some contracts pay a fixed rebate on termination to soften the cliff at the barrier.

Kondratiev Wave(long wave) FuturesStocks

A proposed long cycle in economic activity and prices, running roughly forty to sixty years, named after the Soviet economist Nikolai Kondratiev who described it in the 1920s. Each wave is explained by a cluster of general purpose technologies, such as steam and railways, electricity and steel, or computing, that diffuse through the economy, lift investment and productivity, and then exhaust their gains. Mainstream economics treats the pattern as contested, because the record contains only a handful of complete cycles and dating them requires judgment, so it cannot be tested the way shorter business cycles can.

K-Percent RuleStocks

Milton Friedman's proposal that a central bank should expand the money supply at a constant annual percentage rate, chosen to match the economy's long-run real growth, and should not vary it in response to conditions. The argument rests on long and variable lags: discretionary policy acts on the economy after the situation that prompted it has changed, so activist adjustment can amplify cycles rather than damp them. A fixed rule also anchors expectations. It fell out of practical use as the link between money aggregates and nominal spending became unstable.

Karl MarxStocks

A German philosopher and economist whose analysis of capitalism, set out in Das Kapital and other works, treated the system as historically specific rather than natural. He argued that commodity value derives from socially necessary labour time, that profit originates in surplus value appropriated from workers, and that competition drives capital accumulation, concentration and recurring crises. His framework underpins later work on labour economics, class analysis and crisis theory, and remains a reference point in economic thought whether or not its conclusions are accepted.

Katie Couric ClauseStocks

A nickname for a proposed United States Securities and Exchange Commission requirement that public companies disclose the pay of highly compensated employees who are not executive officers, which would have captured figures such as star broadcasters. It was floated as part of an executive compensation disclosure overhaul, drew objections that it would expose competitively sensitive pay data and intrude on the privacy of non-officers, and was not adopted in the final rule. It is cited as an example of a disclosure proposal dropped after public comment.

Kazakhstan National Fund(National Fund of the Republic of Kazakhstan) Stocks

Kazakhstan's sovereign wealth fund, established in 2000 to hold revenue from the country's oil and gas sector. It performs two functions: a stabilisation role, transferring money into the state budget when commodity prices fall so government spending is less exposed to the oil cycle, and a savings role, accumulating assets in foreign securities for future generations. It is funded by taxes and royalties from the extractive sector and managed by the National Bank of Kazakhstan under rules set by the government.

Keep and PayStocks

An approach in personal bankruptcy where a debtor keeps collateral such as a car or a home by continuing to make the contractual payments, rather than surrendering the asset or formally reaffirming the debt. It depends on the lender accepting payments and on whether local law lets a lender repossess purely because a bankruptcy was filed, which varies between jurisdictions and courts. The debtor keeps use of the asset but, without a reaffirmation, gives up the chance to rebuild credit history through those payments.

Key Person Insurance(key man insurance) Stocks

A life or disability policy a business buys on an individual whose loss would materially damage it, with the business as owner, premium payer and beneficiary. Proceeds give the firm cash to cover lost profit while a replacement is recruited, to repay debt a lender required be covered, or to fund a buyout of the individual's stake. Coverage is usually sized from the person's contribution to earnings or from specific obligations. Premiums are generally not deductible where the business is the beneficiary, and proceeds are generally received free of income tax.

Kicking the TiresStocks

Superficial inspection of an investment or acquisition target that stops short of real due diligence, named for the gesture of a car buyer who examines nothing that matters. In practice it describes reviewing a pitch deck and headline financials without testing the assumptions behind revenue, verifying customer concentration, reading the contracts, or confirming that reported cash exists. It is contrasted with confirmatory diligence, in which each material representation is independently verified before capital is committed.

Kondratieff WaveStocksCrypto

A proposed long cycle in economic activity and prices lasting roughly forty to sixty years, named after the Soviet economist Nikolai Kondratieff, who identified it from long series of prices and interest rates. Each cycle is described as an expansion driven by a cluster of new technologies and infrastructure, followed by a plateau and a prolonged contraction as the cluster matures. Mainstream economics treats it sceptically, because available data span few complete cycles and the pattern is hard to separate from ordinary variation.