# Swoopr Investment: Investments
# Scoped content manifest for LLM agents and web crawlers.
# Generated: 2026-10-13
# 544 pages in this section.
# Root index: https://www.getswoopr.com/llms.txt

## Learn Investments

- [Behavioral Decision Lab: Detecting](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/behavioral-decision-making/) ([Markdown](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/behavioral-decision-making.md)): The Behavioral Decision Lab teaches investors to identify cognitive biases in real investment decisions, apply practical interventions before acting.
- [Anchoring Bias in Investing](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/behavioral-decision-making/anchoring/) ([Markdown](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/behavioral-decision-making/anchoring.md)): Anchoring bias causes investors to rely too heavily on initial reference points -- purchase prices, analyst targets, round numbers -- when making estimates.
- [Confirmation Bias in Investing](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/behavioral-decision-making/confirmation-bias/) ([Markdown](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/behavioral-decision-making/confirmation-bias.md)): Confirmation bias is the tendency to seek, interpret, and remember information that confirms existing beliefs while discounting contradictory evidence.
- [Loss Aversion in Investing](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/behavioral-decision-making/loss-aversion/) ([Markdown](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/behavioral-decision-making/loss-aversion.md)): Loss aversion is the tendency to feel losses more intensely than equivalent gains. Learn how it distorts portfolio decisions.
- [Overconfidence Bias in Investing](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/behavioral-decision-making/overconfidence/) ([Markdown](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/behavioral-decision-making/overconfidence.md)): Overconfidence is the tendency to overestimate the accuracy of one's beliefs and the uniqueness of one's information advantage.
- [Recency Bias in Investing](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/behavioral-decision-making/recency-bias/) ([Markdown](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/behavioral-decision-making/recency-bias.md)): Recency bias is the tendency to give excessive weight to recent events when forming expectations about the future. Learn how it distorts asset allocation.

## Learn Investments: Investment Accounts & Brokerage Accounts

- [Investment Accounts & Brokerage Accounts](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/investment-accounts-brokerage/) ([Markdown](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/investment-accounts-brokerage.md)): Complete guide to investment account types: taxable brokerage, cash vs margin, IRA, 401(k), HSA, 529, custodial, joint, inherited.
- [401(k) Accounts: How They Work](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/investment-accounts-brokerage/401k-accounts-investor-guide/) ([Markdown](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/investment-accounts-brokerage/401k-accounts-investor-guide.md)): Complete 401(k) guide: 2026 contribution limits, employer match mechanics, vesting schedules, investment menu constraints, rollover rules, and Roth 401(k).
- [529 Plan Investing](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/investment-accounts-brokerage/529-plan-investing/) ([Markdown](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/investment-accounts-brokerage/529-plan-investing.md)): 529 plan guide: qualified expenses, contribution limits, state tax deductions, investment options, SECURE 2.0 Roth rollover rule.
- [Cash vs Margin Account: Rules, Risk](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/investment-accounts-brokerage/cash-vs-margin-accounts/) ([Markdown](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/investment-accounts-brokerage/cash-vs-margin-accounts.md)): Compare cash and margin brokerage accounts, including borrowing, settlement, good-faith violations, margin calls, interest, short selling, and account risk.
- [Custodial Accounts (UGMA/UTMA)](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/investment-accounts-brokerage/custodial-accounts-ugma-utma/) ([Markdown](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/investment-accounts-brokerage/custodial-accounts-ugma-utma.md)): UGMA vs UTMA custodial accounts explained: differences, kiddie tax, irrevocability, financial aid impact, age of majority by state.
- [HSA Investing: The Triple-Tax-Advantage Account Most Investors Underuse](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/investment-accounts-brokerage/health-savings-account-investing/) ([Markdown](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/investment-accounts-brokerage/health-savings-account-investing.md)): HSA investing guide: 2026 contribution limits, triple-tax advantage explained, HDHP requirement, investment threshold mechanics.
- [Inherited Accounts: Rules](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/investment-accounts-brokerage/inherited-accounts-investing/) ([Markdown](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/investment-accounts-brokerage/inherited-accounts-investing.md)): Inherited accounts guide: SECURE Act 10-year rule, eligible designated beneficiaries, step-up in basis for taxable accounts, RMD requirements.
- [Joint Brokerage Accounts: How They Work](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/investment-accounts-brokerage/joint-brokerage-accounts/) ([Markdown](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/investment-accounts-brokerage/joint-brokerage-accounts.md)): Joint brokerage account guide: JTWROS vs tenants in common, gift tax on unequal contributions, what happens at death, community property states.
- [Self-Directed IRAs & Solo 401(k)s](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/investment-accounts-brokerage/self-directed-retirement-accounts/) ([Markdown](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/investment-accounts-brokerage/self-directed-retirement-accounts.md)): Self-directed IRA & Solo 401(k) guide: allowed vs prohibited assets, IRS code 4975 prohibited transactions, custodian requirements, & who legitimately benefits.
- [Taxable Brokerage Accounts: What They](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/investment-accounts-brokerage/taxable-brokerage-accounts/) ([Markdown](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/investment-accounts-brokerage/taxable-brokerage-accounts.md)): Taxable brokerage accounts explained: how they work, tax treatment on dividends and capital gains, who should use one.
- [Traditional vs Roth IRA](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/investment-accounts-brokerage/traditional-vs-roth-ira/) ([Markdown](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/investment-accounts-brokerage/traditional-vs-roth-ira.md)): Traditional vs Roth IRA compared: contribution limits, income limits, deductibility rules, the break-even tax rate formula, backdoor Roth.

## Learn Investments: Investing Foundations & Financial Literacy

- [Investing Foundations](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/investing-foundations-financial-literacy/) ([Markdown](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/investing-foundations-financial-literacy.md)): The ten core investing concepts every investor needs: asset classes, risk and return, compound growth, inflation, diversification, liquidity, time horizon.
- [Asset Classes in Practice](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/investing-foundations-financial-literacy/asset-classes-in-practice-worked-example-and-portfolio-context/) ([Markdown](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/investing-foundations-financial-literacy/asset-classes-in-practice-worked-example-and-portfolio-context.md)): A step-by-step worked example building a diversified portfolio from scratch: define objectives, assess risk, select asset class mix, choose vehicles.
- [Asset Classes: Key Alternatives](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/investing-foundations-financial-literacy/asset-classes-key-alternatives-and-tradeoffs/) ([Markdown](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/investing-foundations-financial-literacy/asset-classes-key-alternatives-and-tradeoffs.md)): Compare the six major asset classes: equities vs. bonds, domestic vs. international, real estate vs. REITs, commodities vs. TIPS.
- [Asset Class Risks, Failure Modes](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/investing-foundations-financial-literacy/asset-classes-risks-failure-modes-and-common-mistakes/) ([Markdown](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/investing-foundations-financial-literacy/asset-classes-risks-failure-modes-and-common-mistakes.md)): The most common asset class selection mistakes: performance chasing, home bias, volatility blindness, fee blindness, and correlation breakdown.
- [Asset Classes: What They](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/investing-foundations-financial-literacy/asset-classes-what-it-is-and-why-investors-care/) ([Markdown](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/investing-foundations-financial-literacy/asset-classes-what-it-is-and-why-investors-care.md)): Asset classes explained: what they are, the six major types, how each behaves under different economic conditions, and why mixing them reduces portfolio risk.
- [Compound Growth & the Time Value of Money](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/investing-foundations-financial-literacy/compound-growth-time-value-money/) ([Markdown](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/investing-foundations-financial-literacy/compound-growth-time-value-money.md)): Understand compound growth, present and future value, contribution timing, return assumptions, inflation and the limits of compounding illustrations.
- [Diversification, Correlation](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/investing-foundations-financial-literacy/diversification-correlation-concentration/) ([Markdown](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/investing-foundations-financial-literacy/diversification-correlation-concentration.md)): Understand how diversification works, what correlation measures, why overlapping holdings fail to diversify, and how to identify hidden concentration risk.
- [How to Evaluate Asset Classes](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/investing-foundations-financial-literacy/how-to-evaluate-asset-classes-a-swoopr-decision-framework/) ([Markdown](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/investing-foundations-financial-literacy/how-to-evaluate-asset-classes-a-swoopr-decision-framework.md)): Evaluate any asset class using five structured questions: return mechanism, risk profile, correlation, cost and friction, and time horizon fit.
- [How to Evaluate Risk & Return](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/investing-foundations-financial-literacy/how-to-evaluate-risk-and-return-a-swoopr-decision-framework/) ([Markdown](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/investing-foundations-financial-literacy/how-to-evaluate-risk-and-return-a-swoopr-decision-framework.md)): Apply the five-part Swoopr decision framework to evaluate any investment's risk and return: identify the return source, classify risks, check compensation.
- [Inflation, Purchasing Power](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/investing-foundations-financial-literacy/inflation-purchasing-power-real-return/) ([Markdown](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/investing-foundations-financial-literacy/inflation-purchasing-power-real-return.md)): Learn how inflation changes purchasing power, why real return matters, how CPI is used, and how to plan without pretending inflation is predictable.
- [Investment Fees, Costs](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/investing-foundations-financial-literacy/investment-fees-costs-drag/) ([Markdown](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/investing-foundations-financial-literacy/investment-fees-costs-drag.md)): Understand all layers of investment cost, why fees compound against you over time, and how to evaluate whether a cost is justified by the exposure or service.
- [Investment Policy Statement (IPS)](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/investing-foundations-financial-literacy/investment-policy-statement/) ([Markdown](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/investing-foundations-financial-literacy/investment-policy-statement.md)): Learn what an investment policy statement is, what it should contain, and why written investing rules improve decision-making for individual investors.
- [Investment Time Horizon: Matching Risk](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/investing-foundations-financial-literacy/investment-time-horizon/) ([Markdown](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/investing-foundations-financial-literacy/investment-time-horizon.md)): Learn how investment time horizon is goal-specific, how it affects risk capacity, and why one investor can have multiple horizons at the same time.
- [Liquidity in Investing: Access](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/investing-foundations-financial-literacy/liquidity-investing/) ([Markdown](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/investing-foundations-financial-literacy/liquidity-investing.md)): Learn what investment liquidity means, the layers of access, marketability, and settlement, and how liquidity risk leads to forced sales at bad prices.
- [Nominal, Real, & After-Tax Investment Returns](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/investing-foundations-financial-literacy/nominal-real-after-tax-return/) ([Markdown](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/investing-foundations-financial-literacy/nominal-real-after-tax-return.md)): Understand the difference between nominal, real, and after-tax returns, why return labeling matters, and how to compare investments on equal terms.
- [Risk & Return in Practice](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/investing-foundations-financial-literacy/risk-and-return-in-practice-worked-example-and-portfolio-context/) ([Markdown](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/investing-foundations-financial-literacy/risk-and-return-in-practice-worked-example-and-portfolio-context.md)): Worked examples applying risk and return theory to real portfolios: Sharpe ratio calculation, two-asset portfolio math, sequence-of-returns risk.
- [Risk & Return: Key Tradeoffs for Investors](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/investing-foundations-financial-literacy/risk-and-return-key-alternatives-and-tradeoffs/) ([Markdown](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/investing-foundations-financial-literacy/risk-and-return-key-alternatives-and-tradeoffs.md)): The core risk-return tradeoffs every investor faces: equities vs. bonds, concentrated vs. diversified portfolios, active vs. passive management, leverage.
- [Risk and Return Mistakes to Avoid](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/investing-foundations-financial-literacy/risk-and-return-risks-failure-modes-and-common-mistakes/) ([Markdown](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/investing-foundations-financial-literacy/risk-and-return-risks-failure-modes-and-common-mistakes.md)): The most damaging mistakes in applying risk-return concepts: treating volatility as the only risk measure, assuming diversification always protects.
- [Risk & Return: What Investors Need](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/investing-foundations-financial-literacy/risk-and-return-what-it-is-and-why-investors-care/) ([Markdown](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/investing-foundations-financial-literacy/risk-and-return-what-it-is-and-why-investors-care.md)): Risk and return explained: how to measure both, the risk-return tradeoff, types of investment risk, diversification, Sharpe ratio.
- [Risk Capacity, Risk Tolerance](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/investing-foundations-financial-literacy/risk-return/risk-capacity-tolerance-required-return/) ([Markdown](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/investing-foundations-financial-literacy/risk-return/risk-capacity-tolerance-required-return.md)): Distinguish willingness to take risk from financial ability to bear loss and the return a goal may require, then reconcile conflicts without gaming assumptions.

## Learn Investments: Investment Taxes

- [Investment Taxes](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/investment-taxes/) ([Markdown](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/investment-taxes.md)): How investment income is taxed: capital gains rates, dividend tax treatment, holding period rules, wash-sale restrictions.
- [Capital Gains Tax in Practice](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/investment-taxes/capital-gains-in-practice-worked-example-and-portfolio-context/) ([Markdown](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/investment-taxes/capital-gains-in-practice-worked-example-and-portfolio-context.md)): Step-by-step worked examples of capital gains tax calculations: holding period math, lot selection, tax-loss harvesting.
- [Capital Gains: Key Alternatives](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/investment-taxes/capital-gains-key-alternatives-and-tradeoffs/) ([Markdown](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/investment-taxes/capital-gains-key-alternatives-and-tradeoffs.md)): Tax-deferral strategies for investors with large capital gains: 1031 exchanges, opportunity zones, installment sales, charitable remainder trusts.
- [Capital Gains: Risks, Failure Modes](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/investment-taxes/capital-gains-risks-failure-modes-and-common-mistakes/) ([Markdown](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/investment-taxes/capital-gains-risks-failure-modes-and-common-mistakes.md)): The most common capital gains planning errors: letting tax concerns override investment logic, misapplying the wash-sale rule, ignoring state taxes.
- [Capital Gains Tax](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/investment-taxes/capital-gains-what-it-is-and-why-investors-care/) ([Markdown](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/investment-taxes/capital-gains-what-it-is-and-why-investors-care.md)): Short-term vs. long-term capital gains rates, how the one-year holding period threshold works, and why the difference between 37% and 20% can be the most.
- [Dividend Taxation in Practice](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/investment-taxes/dividend-taxation-in-practice-worked-example-and-portfolio-context/) ([Markdown](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/investment-taxes/dividend-taxation-in-practice-worked-example-and-portfolio-context.md)): Step-by-step: $3,200 in mixed dividends (qualified, ordinary REIT, return-of-capital MLP), net tax at 15% bracket, after-tax yield differences.
- [Dividend Taxation: Key Alternatives](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/investment-taxes/dividend-taxation-key-alternatives-and-tradeoffs/) ([Markdown](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/investment-taxes/dividend-taxation-key-alternatives-and-tradeoffs.md)): Qualified ETF dividends vs. REIT ordinary dividends, Roth vs. taxable account math, DRIP cost basis tracking, total-return vs. income approach.
- [Dividend Taxation Risks, Failure Modes](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/investment-taxes/dividend-taxation-risks-failure-modes-and-common-mistakes/) ([Markdown](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/investment-taxes/dividend-taxation-risks-failure-modes-and-common-mistakes.md)): Holding period traps, tax drag from ordinary dividends in taxable accounts, return-of-capital confusion, cost basis errors.
- [Dividend Taxation](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/investment-taxes/dividend-taxation-what-it-is-and-why-investors-care/) ([Markdown](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/investment-taxes/dividend-taxation-what-it-is-and-why-investors-care.md)): Qualified vs. ordinary dividends, IRS holding-period rules, 0%/15%/20% tax rates, 1099-DIV reporting, REIT and MLP treatment.
- [How to Evaluate Capital Gains](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/investment-taxes/how-to-evaluate-capital-gains-a-swoopr-decision-framework/) ([Markdown](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/investment-taxes/how-to-evaluate-capital-gains-a-swoopr-decision-framework.md)): A structured framework for deciding when to realize a gain versus defer it, including after-tax break-even analysis, deferral time-value math.
- [How to Evaluate Dividend Taxation](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/investment-taxes/how-to-evaluate-dividend-taxation-a-swoopr-decision-framework/) ([Markdown](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/investment-taxes/how-to-evaluate-dividend-taxation-a-swoopr-decision-framework.md)): A 5-step framework for evaluating dividend taxation: classify the dividend, check your bracket, choose account placement, calculate after-tax yield.

## Learn Investments: Portfolio Construction & Asset Allocation

- [Portfolio Construction](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/portfolio-construction-asset-allocation/) ([Markdown](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/portfolio-construction-asset-allocation.md)): Complete guide to portfolio construction and asset allocation: how to set the equity/bond split, choose between 60/40 and other mixes.
- [Asset Allocation in Practice](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/portfolio-construction-asset-allocation/asset-allocation-in-practice-worked-example-and-portfolio-context/) ([Markdown](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/portfolio-construction-asset-allocation/asset-allocation-in-practice-worked-example-and-portfolio-context.md)): A complete worked example for a 40-year-old investor with a $200k portfolio and 25-year horizon: assess risk, choose a 70/20/10 allocation, pick specific ETFs.
- [Asset Allocation: Key Alternatives](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/portfolio-construction-asset-allocation/asset-allocation-key-alternatives-and-tradeoffs/) ([Markdown](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/portfolio-construction-asset-allocation/asset-allocation-key-alternatives-and-tradeoffs.md)): Comparing the major asset allocation approaches: 60/40 vs. 80/20 vs. 100% equity vs. all-weather, domestic vs. international weighting, adding alternatives.
- [Asset Allocation Risks, Failure Modes](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/portfolio-construction-asset-allocation/asset-allocation-risks-failure-modes-and-common-mistakes/) ([Markdown](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/portfolio-construction-asset-allocation/asset-allocation-risks-failure-modes-and-common-mistakes.md)): The six most damaging asset allocation mistakes: allocation drift, home country bias, age-inappropriate allocation, confusing risk tolerance with risk.
- [Asset Allocation](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/portfolio-construction-asset-allocation/asset-allocation-what-it-is-and-why-investors-care/) ([Markdown](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/portfolio-construction-asset-allocation/asset-allocation-what-it-is-and-why-investors-care.md)): Asset allocation explained: what it is, why it explains roughly 90% of long-term return variation, the equity/bond split as the primary risk dial.
- [How to Evaluate Asset Allocation](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/portfolio-construction-asset-allocation/how-to-evaluate-asset-allocation-a-swoopr-decision-framework/) ([Markdown](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/portfolio-construction-asset-allocation/how-to-evaluate-asset-allocation-a-swoopr-decision-framework.md)): A five-step framework for evaluating and choosing an asset allocation: define time horizon and goals, assess risk tolerance.
- [How to Evaluate Rebalancing](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/portfolio-construction-asset-allocation/how-to-evaluate-rebalancing-a-swoopr-decision-framework/) ([Markdown](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/portfolio-construction-asset-allocation/how-to-evaluate-rebalancing-a-swoopr-decision-framework.md)): A five-step framework for evaluating portfolio rebalancing decisions: identifying the trigger, setting threshold bands, choosing tax-efficient tools.
- [Portfolio Rebalancing in Practice](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/portfolio-construction-asset-allocation/portfolio-rebalancing-in-practice-worked-example-and-portfolio-context/) ([Markdown](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/portfolio-construction-asset-allocation/portfolio-rebalancing-in-practice-worked-example-and-portfolio-context.md)): A worked rebalancing example: a 60/40 portfolio drifts to 68/32, threshold check, calculating the rebalancing trade, using 401(k).
- [Portfolio Rebalancing: Key Alternatives](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/portfolio-construction-asset-allocation/portfolio-rebalancing-key-alternatives-and-tradeoffs/) ([Markdown](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/portfolio-construction-asset-allocation/portfolio-rebalancing-key-alternatives-and-tradeoffs.md)): Compare rebalancing approaches: annual vs threshold vs quarterly rebalancing, buy-only vs sell-and-buy, tax-advantaged account priority, direct indexing.
- [Portfolio Rebalancing Risks](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/portfolio-construction-asset-allocation/portfolio-rebalancing-risks-failure-modes-and-common-mistakes/) ([Markdown](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/portfolio-construction-asset-allocation/portfolio-rebalancing-risks-failure-modes-and-common-mistakes.md)): The risks and failure modes of portfolio rebalancing: over-rebalancing, under-rebalancing, rebalancing into losers, triggering unnecessary capital gains.
- [Portfolio Rebalancing](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/portfolio-construction-asset-allocation/portfolio-rebalancing-what-it-is-and-why-investors-care/) ([Markdown](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/portfolio-construction-asset-allocation/portfolio-rebalancing-what-it-is-and-why-investors-care.md)): Portfolio rebalancing explained: what it is, how a 60/40 portfolio becomes 75/25 after a bull market, why drift increases risk.

## Investment Profiles

- [Learn Investments: Accounts](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/) ([Markdown](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments.md)): Explore investing basics, accounts, funds, bonds, retirement, real estate, commodities, international investing, taxes, portfolio management, stocks and crypto.
- [0DTE Options: Complete Investor Guide](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/0dte-options/) ([Markdown](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/0dte-options.md)): 0DTE options are listed options traded on the day they expire, mainly on the S&P 500 (SPX, SPY) and Nasdaq-100 (QQQ), which now expire every trading day....
- [Accelerated Return Notes](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/accelerated-return-notes/) ([Markdown](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/accelerated-return-notes.md)): An accelerated return note is a short-term structured note, typically 14 months to 2 years, that pays a multiple of an index's gain, usually 2x or 3x, up to...
- [Agency Bonds: Complete Investor Guide](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/agency-bonds/) ([Markdown](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/agency-bonds.md)): An agency bond is a debt security issued by a U.S. federal agency or a government-sponsored enterprise such as Fannie Mae, Freddie Mac, the Federal Home...
- [Agency Discount Notes](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/agency-discount-notes/) ([Markdown](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/agency-discount-notes.md)): Agency discount notes are short-term, zero-coupon obligations of government-sponsored enterprises such as the Federal Home Loan Banks, Fannie Mae, Freddie...
- [Agency Mortgage-Backed Securities](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/agency-mortgage-backed-securities/) ([Markdown](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/agency-mortgage-backed-securities.md)): Agency mortgage-backed securities are pass-through securities backed by pools of residential mortgages with timely payment of principal and interest backed...
- [Agricultural Futures](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/agricultural-futures/) ([Markdown](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/agricultural-futures.md)): Agricultural futures are exchange-traded contracts on crops and livestock: corn, soybeans, soybean meal and oil, wheat, oats, rice, cotton, sugar, coffee...
- [Aircraft Leasing Investments](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/aircraft-leasing-investments/) ([Markdown](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/aircraft-leasing-investments.md)): Aircraft leasing investments are ownership interests in commercial aircraft leased to airlines, held through public lessors (owners of over half the world's...
- [Allocated Precious Metals](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/allocated-precious-metals/) ([Markdown](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/allocated-precious-metals.md)): Allocated precious metals are specific, identified bars or coins held in a vault in the client's name, segregated from the custodian's own assets and...
- [Alternative Investments](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/alternative-investments-and-private-markets/) ([Markdown](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/alternative-investments-and-private-markets.md)): Private equity, venture capital, infrastructure, collectibles, fine art, and other investments outside traditional public markets.
- [Alternative Investments](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/alternative-investments/) ([Markdown](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/alternative-investments.md)): Alternative investments are the assets and strategies outside public stocks, bonds and cash: private equity, private credit, hedge funds, real estate...
- [Aluminum: Complete Investor Guide](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/aluminum/) ([Markdown](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/aluminum.md)): Aluminium is the most widely used non-ferrous metal, light, corrosion-resistant and conductive, consumed in transport, construction, packaging, electrical...
- [American Depositary Receipts](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/american-depositary-receipts/) ([Markdown](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/american-depositary-receipts.md)): An American depositary receipt is a U.S.-listed or over-the-counter security issued by a depositary bank that represents a set number of shares of a...
- [Angel Investments](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/angel-investments/) ([Markdown](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/angel-investments.md)): Angel investments are equity or convertible investments by individuals in very early-stage companies, typically $10,000 to $250,000 each at the pre-seed or...
- [Annuities: Complete Investor Guide](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/annuities/) ([Markdown](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/annuities.md)): An annuity is a contract with a life insurance company under which the buyer pays a premium, as a lump sum or over time, and the insurer commits to make...
- [Apartment Buildings](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/apartment-buildings/) ([Markdown](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/apartment-buildings.md)): An apartment building is a multifamily property, from a small walk-up of a few units to a complex of hundreds, held to earn rent from residential tenants...
- [Asset-Backed Securities](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/asset-backed-securities/) ([Markdown](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/asset-backed-securities.md)): An asset-backed security is a bond whose payments come from a pool of receivables such as auto loans, credit card balances, student loans or equipment...
- [Auto Loan Asset-Backed Securities](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/auto-loan-asset-backed-securities/) ([Markdown](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/auto-loan-asset-backed-securities.md)): Auto loan asset-backed securities are bonds backed by pools of retail car loans or leases, issued by the finance arms of carmakers, banks and subprime...
- [Autocallable Notes](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/autocallable-notes/) ([Markdown](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/autocallable-notes.md)): An autocallable note is a structured note that pays a high fixed or contingent coupon and is automatically redeemed at par, with the coupon, on the first...
- [Bank Loans: Complete Investor Guide](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/bank-loans/) ([Markdown](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/bank-loans.md)): Bank loans, as an investment category, are senior secured floating-rate loans made by a syndicate of banks and institutional lenders to companies rated...
- [Bankers' Acceptances](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/bankers-acceptances/) ([Markdown](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/bankers-acceptances.md)): A banker's acceptance is a time draft, a written order to pay a fixed sum on a future date, that a bank has stamped as accepted, substituting its own credit...
- [Barrier Notes: Complete Investor Guide](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/barrier-notes/) ([Markdown](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/barrier-notes.md)): A barrier note is a structured note that returns full principal at maturity if the underlying never falls below a barrier, typically 60% to 80% of its...
- [Binary Options: Complete Investor Guide](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/binary-options/) ([Markdown](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/binary-options.md)): A binary option pays a fixed amount if a yes-or-no condition about a price is met at expiration, such as an index closing above a stated level, and nothing...
- [Bond Anticipation Notes](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/bond-anticipation-notes/) ([Markdown](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/bond-anticipation-notes.md)): A bond anticipation note is a short-term municipal note, usually maturing in one to three years, issued to start or continue a capital project before the...
- [Bonds: How Pricing and Credit Risk Work](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/bonds/) ([Markdown](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/bonds.md)): Learn bond pricing, duration, credit risk, and major bond types. How yields and prices move, what spreads mean, and how to use bonds in a portfolio.
- [Brent Crude Oil: Complete Investor Guide](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/brent-crude-oil/) ([Markdown](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/brent-crude-oil.md)): Brent crude is the international benchmark for oil, a light sweet blend from North Sea fields whose price, set on ICE Brent futures and in the physical...
- [Brokered Certificates of Deposit](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/brokered-certificates-of-deposit/) ([Markdown](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/brokered-certificates-of-deposit.md)): A brokered certificate of deposit is a bank CD sold through a brokerage firm rather than at the bank, held in the investor's brokerage account and tradable...
- [Buffered Notes: Complete Investor Guide](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/buffered-notes/) ([Markdown](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/buffered-notes.md)): A buffered note is a structured note that absorbs the first portion of an underlying index's decline, commonly 10% to 20%, and passes any loss beyond the...
- [Build America Bonds](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/build-america-bonds/) ([Markdown](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/build-america-bonds.md)): Build America Bonds are taxable municipal bonds issued in 2009 and 2010 under the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act, on which the federal government...
- [Bullion Bars: Complete Investor Guide](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/bullion-bars/) ([Markdown](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/bullion-bars.md)): Bullion bars are refined gold, silver, platinum or palladium cast or minted into bars of standard weights, from one gram to the 400-ounce gold and...
- [Bullion Coins: Complete Investor Guide](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/bullion-coins/) ([Markdown](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/bullion-coins.md)): Bullion coins are legal-tender coins struck by sovereign mints from gold, silver, platinum or palladium, such as the American Eagle, Canadian Maple Leaf...
- [Bump-Up Certificates of Deposit](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/bump-up-certificates-of-deposit/) ([Markdown](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/bump-up-certificates-of-deposit.md)): A bump-up certificate of deposit is a CD that lets the depositor raise its rate once or twice during the term to the institution's current rate for the same...
- [Buyout Investments](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/buyout-investments/) ([Markdown](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/buyout-investments.md)): Buyout investments are the acquisition of controlling stakes in established companies by private equity funds, financed with fund equity and debt raised...
- [Call Options: Complete Investor Guide](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/call-options/) ([Markdown](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/call-options.md)): A call option gives its buyer the right to buy the underlying at the strike price until expiration, for a premium paid to the seller, who must deliver if...
- [Callable Bonds: Complete Investor Guide](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/callable-bonds/) ([Markdown](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/callable-bonds.md)): A callable bond is a bond the issuer may redeem before maturity, on or after a stated call date and at a stated price, usually par or a small premium. The...
- [Callable Certificates of Deposit](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/callable-certificates-of-deposit/) ([Markdown](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/callable-certificates-of-deposit.md)): A callable certificate of deposit is a CD, usually sold through a broker, that the issuing bank can redeem before maturity after a set call-protection...
- [Callable Structured Notes](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/callable-structured-notes/) ([Markdown](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/callable-structured-notes.md)): A callable structured note is a structured note that the issuer may redeem early at par on set dates, usually quarterly after a short non-call period...
- [Capital Securities](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/capital-securities/) ([Markdown](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/capital-securities.md)): Capital securities are hybrid instruments issued by banks, insurers and other regulated financial firms to count as regulatory capital while paying a coupon...
- [Carbon Credits: Complete Investor Guide](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/carbon-credits/) ([Markdown](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/carbon-credits.md)): Carbon credits are tradable instruments representing one metric ton of carbon dioxide equivalent, in two markets: compliance allowances issued under...
- [Cash & Cash Equivalents Investments](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/cash-and-cash-equivalents/) ([Markdown](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/cash-and-cash-equivalents.md)): High-yield savings accounts, money market funds, Treasury bills, CDs, and other short-term, liquid instruments.
- [Cash Management Bills](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/cash-management-bills/) ([Markdown](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/cash-management-bills.md)): A cash management bill is a short-term Treasury bill the government issues outside its regular weekly schedule to cover a temporary cash shortfall, with...
- [Cash: Complete Investor Guide](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/cash/) ([Markdown](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/cash.md)): Cash, as a portfolio holding, is money held in forms that can be spent or deployed immediately without loss of principal: currency, checking and savings...
- [Catastrophe Bonds](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/catastrophe-bonds/) ([Markdown](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/catastrophe-bonds.md)): Catastrophe bonds are securities issued by insurers, reinsurers, governments and corporations through special purpose vehicles that pay a floating coupon of...
- [Certificates of Deposit](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/certificates-of-deposit/) ([Markdown](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/certificates-of-deposit.md)): A certificate of deposit is a bank or credit union deposit that pays a fixed interest rate for a set term, from a few months to several years, in exchange...
- [Classic Cars: Complete Investor Guide](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/classic-cars/) ([Markdown](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/classic-cars.md)): Classic cars as investments are collector automobiles, prewar, postwar sports and racing cars, limited-production supercars and increasingly 1980s and 1990s...
- [Cocoa: Complete Investor Guide](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/cocoa/) ([Markdown](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/cocoa.md)): Cocoa is the dried, fermented bean from which chocolate is made, traded as a soft commodity through futures and options on the ICE exchanges in New York and...
- [Coffee: Complete Investor Guide](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/coffee/) ([Markdown](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/coffee.md)): Coffee is grown in the tropics, arabica mainly in Brazil, Colombia and Central America and robusta in Vietnam, Brazil and Indonesia, and priced on the ICE...
- [Cold Storage Real Estate](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/cold-storage-real-estate/) ([Markdown](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/cold-storage-real-estate.md)): Cold storage real estate is temperature-controlled warehouse space, refrigerated or frozen, used to store and distribute perishable food and...
- [Collateralized Debt Obligations](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/collateralized-debt-obligations/) ([Markdown](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/collateralized-debt-obligations.md)): A collateralized debt obligation is a securitization that pools debt instruments, originally high-yield bonds and loans and later mortgage-backed securities...
- [Collateralized Loan Obligations](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/collateralized-loan-obligations/) ([Markdown](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/collateralized-loan-obligations.md)): A collateralized loan obligation is a securitization of leveraged loans, typically 150 to 300 senior secured loans to below-investment-grade companies...
- [Collateralized Mortgage Obligations](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/collateralized-mortgage-obligations/) ([Markdown](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/collateralized-mortgage-obligations.md)): Collateralized mortgage obligations are bonds carved from pools of mortgage pass-throughs into tranches with different maturities, prepayment exposures and...
- [Collectibles: Complete Investor Guide](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/collectibles/) ([Markdown](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/collectibles.md)): Collectibles are tangible objects held for their scarcity, condition and appeal to other collectors rather than for any cash flow: fine art, rare coins...
- [Comic Books: Complete Investor Guide](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/comic-books/) ([Markdown](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/comic-books.md)): Comic books as investments are vintage and key-issue comics, first appearances of major characters, Golden and Silver Age issues and modern variant covers...
- [Commercial Mortgage-Backed Securities](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/commercial-mortgage-backed-securities/) ([Markdown](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/commercial-mortgage-backed-securities.md)): Commercial mortgage-backed securities are bonds backed by pools of mortgages on income-producing property, from office towers and shopping centers to...
- [Commercial Paper](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/commercial-paper/) ([Markdown](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/commercial-paper.md)): Commercial paper is unsecured short-term debt issued by corporations and financial companies, sold at a discount with maturities of a few days to 270 days...
- [Commercial Real Estate: NOI and Cap Rate](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/commercial-real-estate/) ([Markdown](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/commercial-real-estate.md)): Learn how CRE produces returns, how NOI and cap rates work, how leverage amplifies risk, and how to evaluate leases, tenant credit and exit assumptions.
- [Commodities & Natural Resources Investments](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/commodities-and-natural-resources/) ([Markdown](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/commodities-and-natural-resources.md)): Gold, silver, oil, natural gas, agricultural commodities, and physical resource-based investments.
- [Commodities: Futures, Contango, ETPs](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/commodities/) ([Markdown](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/commodities.md)): Learn how commodity exposure works: spot vs. futures markets, contango and roll yield, ETP structures, and risks behind each access route.
- [Commodity Forwards](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/commodity-forwards/) ([Markdown](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/commodity-forwards.md)): A commodity forward is a privately negotiated contract to buy or sell a physical commodity, crude oil, natural gas, electricity, metals, grains, at a fixed...
- [Commodity Futures](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/commodity-futures/) ([Markdown](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/commodity-futures.md)): Commodity futures are exchange-traded contracts to buy or sell a standardized quantity of a physical commodity, energy, metals, grains, livestock or softs...
- [Commodity-Linked Notes](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/commodity-linked-notes/) ([Markdown](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/commodity-linked-notes.md)): A commodity-linked note is a structured note whose return depends on the price of a commodity or commodity index, such as crude oil, gold or a broad basket...
- [Commodity Options](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/commodity-options/) ([Markdown](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/commodity-options.md)): Commodity options are options on commodity futures contracts, such as crude oil, natural gas, gold, silver, copper, corn, soybeans, wheat and cattle, traded...
- [Commodity Pool ETPs](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/commodity-pool-etps/) ([Markdown](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/commodity-pool-etps.md)): Commodity pool ETPs are exchange-traded products that hold futures on commodities, currencies or volatility and are organized as commodity pools, so they...
- [Commodity Pools: Complete Investor Guide](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/commodity-pools/) ([Markdown](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/commodity-pools.md)): A commodity pool is an investment vehicle that pools money from many investors to trade futures, options on futures, swaps and other commodity interests...
- [Commodity Swaps: Complete Investor Guide](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/commodity-swaps/) ([Markdown](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/commodity-swaps.md)): A commodity swap is a contract in which one party pays a fixed price per unit of a commodity on a notional quantity over a period and the other pays the...
- [Contingent Convertible Bonds](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/contingent-convertible-bonds/) ([Markdown](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/contingent-convertible-bonds.md)): A contingent convertible bond, or CoCo, is a bank bond that converts into equity or is written down, in part or in full, when the bank's capital ratio falls...
- [Contingent Income Notes](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/contingent-income-notes/) ([Markdown](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/contingent-income-notes.md)): A contingent income note is a structured note that pays a high coupon on each observation date only if the underlying is at or above a coupon barrier...
- [Contracts for Difference](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/contracts-for-difference/) ([Markdown](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/contracts-for-difference.md)): A contract for difference is an agreement with a broker to exchange the difference between an asset's price when the contract is opened and when it is...
- [Convertible Bonds](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/convertible-bonds/) ([Markdown](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/convertible-bonds.md)): A convertible bond is a corporate bond that the holder may exchange for a fixed number of the issuer's common shares, so it pays a coupon and returns par at...
- [Convertible Preferred Stock](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/convertible-preferred-stock/) ([Markdown](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/convertible-preferred-stock.md)): Convertible preferred stock is preferred stock that the holder may exchange for a set number of the issuer's common shares, so that it pays a fixed dividend...
- [Copper: Complete Investor Guide](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/copper/) ([Markdown](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/copper.md)): Copper is the most important industrial metal, used in electrical wiring, construction, machinery, vehicles and power grids, and priced as a barometer of...
- [Corn: Complete Investor Guide](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/corn/) ([Markdown](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/corn.md)): Corn is the largest U.S. crop and the most traded agricultural commodity, grown mainly in the Midwest for animal feed, ethanol and exports, and priced on...
- [Corporate Bonds: Complete Investor Guide](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/corporate-bonds/) ([Markdown](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/corporate-bonds.md)): A corporate bond is a loan an investor makes to a company in exchange for fixed interest payments and repayment of the face value at maturity. Unlike a...
- [Cotton: Complete Investor Guide](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/cotton/) ([Markdown](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/cotton.md)): Cotton is the world's main natural fibre, grown in India, China, the United States, Brazil and Pakistan and spun into yarn mainly in Asia, priced on the ICE...
- [Covered Bonds: Complete Investor Guide](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/covered-bonds/) ([Markdown](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/covered-bonds.md)): A covered bond is a bond issued by a bank and secured by a ring-fenced pool of mortgages or public-sector loans that stays on the bank's balance sheet, so...
- [Credit Card Asset-Backed Securities](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/credit-card-asset-backed-securities/) ([Markdown](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/credit-card-asset-backed-securities.md)): Credit card asset-backed securities are bonds issued by a bank's master trust against a revolving pool of credit card receivables, paying investors from...
- [Credit Default Swaps](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/credit-default-swaps/) ([Markdown](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/credit-default-swaps.md)): A credit default swap is a contract in which a protection buyer pays a periodic premium to a protection seller, who agrees to pay the buyer the loss on a...
- [Credit-Linked Notes](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/credit-linked-notes/) ([Markdown](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/credit-linked-notes.md)): A credit-linked note is a structured note whose principal repayment depends on whether a reference entity, a company, a sovereign or a basket, suffers a...
- [Crude Oil: Complete Investor Guide](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/crude-oil/) ([Markdown](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/crude-oil.md)): Crude oil is the world's most traded commodity, the raw material for gasoline, diesel, jet fuel and petrochemicals, priced in dollars per barrel against...
- [Cumulative Preferred Stock](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/cumulative-preferred-stock/) ([Markdown](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/cumulative-preferred-stock.md)): Cumulative preferred stock is preferred stock whose skipped dividends accumulate as arrears that the company must pay in full before it can pay any dividend...
- [Currency ETPs: Complete Investor Guide](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/currency-etps/) ([Markdown](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/currency-etps.md)): Currency ETPs are exchange-traded products that give exposure to a foreign currency or basket against the dollar, structured as grantor trusts holding...
- [Currency Futures](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/currency-futures/) ([Markdown](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/currency-futures.md)): Currency futures are exchange-traded, cash- or physically settled contracts on the exchange rate between two currencies, such as euro, yen, pound, Canadian...
- [Currency-Linked Notes](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/currency-linked-notes/) ([Markdown](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/currency-linked-notes.md)): A currency-linked note is a structured note whose return depends on the exchange rate between two currencies or on a basket of currencies against the...
- [Data Center Real Estate](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/data-center-real-estate/) ([Markdown](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/data-center-real-estate.md)): Data center real estate is purpose-built property that houses servers and network equipment, leased to cloud providers, enterprises and colocation customers...
- [Deferred Annuities](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/deferred-annuities/) ([Markdown](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/deferred-annuities.md)): A deferred annuity is an annuity contract in which the premium accumulates, tax-deferred, for years before any payments begin, with the account credited a...
- [Deferred Income Annuities](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/deferred-income-annuities/) ([Markdown](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/deferred-income-annuities.md)): A deferred income annuity is a contract under which the buyer pays a premium now and the insurer commits to begin lifetime (or period-certain) income at a...
- [Delaware Statutory Trust Real Estate Interests: Complete Investor Guide](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/delaware-statutory-trust-real-estate-interests/) ([Markdown](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/delaware-statutory-trust-real-estate-interests.md)): Delaware statutory trust real estate interests are beneficial interests in a trust that holds one or more income properties, sold to accredited investors...
- [Depositary Preferred Shares](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/depositary-preferred-shares/) ([Markdown](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/depositary-preferred-shares.md)): A depositary preferred share, or depositary share, is a receipt representing a fraction of one share of a company's preferred stock, held by a depositary...
- [Derivatives Investments](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/derivatives/) ([Markdown](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/derivatives.md)): Options, futures, forwards, swaps, warrants, and other contracts whose value derives from an underlying asset.
- [Developed-Market Equities](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/developed-market-equities/) ([Markdown](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/developed-market-equities.md)): Developed market equities are the stocks of companies listed in the countries index providers classify as developed: the United States, Canada, Western...
- [Developed-Market Sovereign Bonds](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/developed-market-sovereign-bonds/) ([Markdown](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/developed-market-sovereign-bonds.md)): Developed-market sovereign bonds are the government bonds of high-income countries with deep capital markets and their own or a shared reserve currency...
- [Development Property](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/development-property/) ([Markdown](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/development-property.md)): Development property is real estate in the process of being created or substantially transformed: land being entitled and built on, or an existing building...
- [Digital Assets Investments](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/digital-assets/) ([Markdown](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/digital-assets.md)): Cryptocurrencies, tokens, NFTs, stablecoins, and blockchain-based investment instruments.
- [Direct Lending: Complete Investor Guide](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/direct-lending/) ([Markdown](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/direct-lending.md)): Direct lending is the core strategy of private credit: senior secured, floating-rate term loans made by funds directly to middle-market companies, mostly...
- [Direct Participation Programs](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/direct-participation-programs/) ([Markdown](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/direct-participation-programs.md)): Direct participation programs are limited partnerships and similar vehicles sold to retail investors through broker-dealers, in which investors participate...
- [Direct Real Estate](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/direct-real-estate/) ([Markdown](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/direct-real-estate.md)): Direct real estate is the ownership of property itself, a rental house, an apartment building, a commercial unit or land, held in the investor's own name or...
- [Distressed Debt: Complete Investor Guide](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/distressed-debt/) ([Markdown](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/distressed-debt.md)): Distressed debt is the bonds, loans and claims of companies in or near default, bankruptcy or restructuring, bought at deep discounts by specialist funds...
- [Dual-Directional Notes](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/dual-directional-notes/) ([Markdown](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/dual-directional-notes.md)): A dual-directional note is a structured note that pays a positive return on an index's move in either direction within a range: the index's gain up to a cap...
- [Dual-Listed Shares](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/dual-listed-shares/) ([Markdown](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/dual-listed-shares.md)): Dual-listed shares are the shares of a company listed on two or more stock exchanges, in different countries or time zones, so the same security trades in...
- [E-mini Futures: Complete Investor Guide](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/e-mini-futures/) ([Markdown](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/e-mini-futures.md)): E-mini futures are electronically traded equity index futures at one-fifth the size of the original pit-traded contracts, with the E-mini S&P 500 at $50...
- [Emerging-Market Equities](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/emerging-market-equities/) ([Markdown](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/emerging-market-equities.md)): Emerging market equities are the stocks of companies in countries index providers classify as emerging, the tier between developed and frontier by income...
- [Emerging-Market Hard-Currency Debt](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/emerging-market-hard-currency-debt/) ([Markdown](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/emerging-market-hard-currency-debt.md)): Emerging-market hard-currency debt is the dollar- and euro-denominated bonds of developing-country governments, quasi-sovereigns and companies, issued under...
- [Emerging-Market Local-Currency Debt](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/emerging-market-local-currency-debt/) ([Markdown](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/emerging-market-local-currency-debt.md)): Emerging-market local-currency debt is the bonds developing-country governments issue in their own currencies to domestic and foreign investors, tracked by...
- [Emerging-Market Sovereign Bonds](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/emerging-market-sovereign-bonds/) ([Markdown](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/emerging-market-sovereign-bonds.md)): Emerging-market sovereign bonds are the government bonds of developing and middle-income countries, issued either in dollars or euros (hard currency) or in...
- [Energy Futures: Complete Investor Guide](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/energy-futures/) ([Markdown](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/energy-futures.md)): Energy futures are exchange-traded contracts on crude oil (WTI on NYMEX, Brent on ICE), natural gas (Henry Hub), refined products (gasoline, heating oil and...
- [Equipment Lease Asset-Backed Securities](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/equipment-lease-asset-backed-securities/) ([Markdown](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/equipment-lease-asset-backed-securities.md)): Equipment lease asset-backed securities are bonds backed by pools of leases and loans on commercial equipment, from construction machinery, trucks and...
- [Equipment Leasing Investments](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/equipment-leasing-investments/) ([Markdown](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/equipment-leasing-investments.md)): Equipment leasing investments are ownership interests in equipment leased to businesses, from machinery to medical devices, IT hardware, vehicles and...
- [Equities Investments](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/equities/) ([Markdown](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/equities.md)): Common stocks, preferred shares, ADRs, fractional shares, and ownership interests in public companies.
- [Equity Index Futures](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/equity-index-futures/) ([Markdown](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/equity-index-futures.md)): An equity index future is an exchange-traded contract to exchange the cash value of a stock index at a set date, settled in cash rather than by delivering...
- [Equity-Linked Certificates](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/equity-linked-certificates/) ([Markdown](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/equity-linked-certificates.md)): An equity-linked certificate is a structured security whose return depends on a single stock, a basket of stocks or an equity index, issued by a bank or...
- [Equity-Linked Notes](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/equity-linked-notes/) ([Markdown](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/equity-linked-notes.md)): An equity-linked note is a structured note whose return is tied to a single stock, a basket of stocks or an equity index, through a participation rate, cap...
- [Equity Options: Complete Investor Guide](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/equity-options/) ([Markdown](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/equity-options.md)): Equity options are listed options on individual stocks, each contract covering 100 shares, American-style, physically settled by delivery of shares, and...
- [Equity REITs: Complete Investor Guide](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/equity-reits/) ([Markdown](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/equity-reits.md)): An equity REIT is a real estate investment trust that owns and operates income-producing property, earning rent from tenants and gains from property sales...
- [Equity Swaps: Complete Investor Guide](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/equity-swaps/) ([Markdown](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/equity-swaps.md)): An equity swap is a contract in which one party pays the total return of a stock, a basket or an index, price change plus dividends, and the other pays a...
- [ETF Options: Complete Investor Guide](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/etf-options/) ([Markdown](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/etf-options.md)): ETF options are listed options on exchange-traded funds, with the same 100-share contracts, American style and physical settlement as equity options, but an...
- [Eurobonds: Complete Investor Guide](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/eurobonds/) ([Markdown](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/eurobonds.md)): A Eurobond is a bond issued and sold outside the jurisdiction of the currency it is denominated in, such as a dollar bond issued by a Japanese company and...
- [Exchange-Traded Debt Securities](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/exchange-traded-debt-securities/) ([Markdown](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/exchange-traded-debt-securities.md)): Exchange-traded debt securities, often called baby bonds, are corporate notes issued in $25 denominations and listed on a stock exchange, so that...
- [Exchange-Traded Notes](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/exchange-traded-notes/) ([Markdown](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/exchange-traded-notes.md)): An exchange-traded note is an unsecured debt obligation of a bank that promises to pay, at maturity or on redemption, the return of an index or strategy...
- [Exchange-Traded Products: How ETPs Work](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/exchange-traded-products/) ([Markdown](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/exchange-traded-products.md)): Exchange-traded products (ETPs) include ETFs, ETNs, and commodity vehicles that trade on exchanges. Learn how structure, issuer risk, tracking difference.
- [Exchangeable Bonds](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/exchangeable-bonds/) ([Markdown](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/exchangeable-bonds.md)): An exchangeable bond is a bond that the holder may exchange for shares of a company other than the issuer, usually a company in which the issuer holds a...
- [Fannie Mae Debt Securities](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/fannie-mae-debt-securities/) ([Markdown](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/fannie-mae-debt-securities.md)): Fannie Mae debt securities are the notes, bonds and discount notes issued by the Federal National Mortgage Association, a government-sponsored enterprise...
- [Farm Credit System Debt Securities](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/farm-credit-system-debt-securities/) ([Markdown](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/farm-credit-system-debt-securities.md)): Farm Credit System debt securities are the systemwide bonds and discount notes issued by the Federal Farm Credit Banks Funding Corporation on behalf of the...
- [Farmland: Complete Investor Guide](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/farmland/) ([Markdown](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/farmland.md)): Farmland is agricultural land held for the income from crop or livestock production, through the owner's own farming or a lease to an operator, and for...
- [Federal Home Loan Bank Debt Securities](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/federal-home-loan-bank-debt-securities/) ([Markdown](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/federal-home-loan-bank-debt-securities.md)): Federal Home Loan Bank debt securities are the consolidated obligations, bonds and discount notes, issued through the FHLBanks' Office of Finance on behalf...
- [Feeder Cattle: Complete Investor Guide](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/feeder-cattle/) ([Markdown](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/feeder-cattle.md)): Feeder cattle are young cattle, typically 600 to 850 pounds, sold by ranchers to feedlots to be finished on grain, and priced on the CME feeder cattle...
- [Film Financing: Complete Investor Guide](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/film-financing/) ([Markdown](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/film-financing.md)): Film financing investments are stakes in the production of motion pictures and television, through slate deals, single-picture equity, gap and mezzanine...
- [Fine Art: Complete Investor Guide](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/fine-art/) ([Markdown](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/fine-art.md)): Fine art as an investment means paintings, sculpture, works on paper and photographs bought for appreciation, traded through auction houses, galleries and...
- [Fixed Annuities: Complete Investor Guide](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/fixed-annuities/) ([Markdown](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/fixed-annuities.md)): A fixed annuity is a deferred annuity in which the insurer credits a declared interest rate to the account value, set for an initial term and then reset...
- [Fixed Income Investments](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/fixed-income/) ([Markdown](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/fixed-income.md)): Government bonds, corporate bonds, municipal bonds, treasury securities, and other debt instruments.
- [Fixed Indexed Annuities](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/fixed-indexed-annuities/) ([Markdown](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/fixed-indexed-annuities.md)): A fixed indexed annuity is a deferred annuity that credits interest based on an index such as the S&P 500, subject to a cap, a participation rate or a...
- [Fixed-to-Floating Rate Bonds](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/fixed-to-floating-rate-bonds/) ([Markdown](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/fixed-to-floating-rate-bonds.md)): A fixed-to-floating rate bond pays a fixed coupon for an initial period, commonly five or ten years, and then switches to a floating coupon of a reference...
- [FLEX Options: Complete Investor Guide](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/flex-options/) ([Markdown](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/flex-options.md)): FLEX options are exchange-listed options whose terms the parties negotiate rather than take from the standard menu: strike price, expiration date (up to 15...
- [Floating-Rate Bonds](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/floating-rate-bonds/) ([Markdown](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/floating-rate-bonds.md)): A floating-rate bond is a bond whose coupon resets periodically, usually quarterly, to a short-term reference rate such as SOFR or a Treasury bill yield...
- [Foreign Corporate Bonds](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/foreign-corporate-bonds/) ([Markdown](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/foreign-corporate-bonds.md)): Foreign corporate bonds are bonds issued by companies domiciled outside the United States, in dollars (Yankee bonds if SEC-registered, Eurodollar bonds if...
- [Foreign-Currency Bonds](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/foreign-currency-bonds/) ([Markdown](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/foreign-currency-bonds.md)): Foreign-currency bonds, for a U.S. investor, are any bonds denominated in a currency other than the dollar: euro Bunds, yen government bonds, sterling...
- [Foreign Currency Deposits](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/foreign-currency-deposits/) ([Markdown](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/foreign-currency-deposits.md)): A foreign currency deposit is a bank account or certificate of deposit denominated in a currency other than the depositor's home currency, earning that...
- [Foreign Exchange Forwards](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/foreign-exchange-forwards/) ([Markdown](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/foreign-exchange-forwards.md)): A foreign exchange forward is a contract to exchange one currency for another at a rate fixed today on a date beyond spot settlement, from a few days to a...
- [Foreign Exchange Swaps](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/foreign-exchange-swaps/) ([Markdown](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/foreign-exchange-swaps.md)): A foreign exchange swap is a single contract to exchange one currency for another at today's spot rate and reverse the exchange at a forward rate on a...
- [Foreign Ordinary Shares](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/foreign-ordinary-shares/) ([Markdown](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/foreign-ordinary-shares.md)): Foreign ordinary shares are the common shares of a non-U.S. company as traded on its home exchange, held by a U.S. investor either directly through a broker...
- [Forwards: Complete Investor Guide](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/forwards/) ([Markdown](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/forwards.md)): A forward is a privately negotiated contract between two parties to buy or sell an asset at a fixed price on a future date, customized in size, date...
- [Freddie Mac Debt Securities](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/freddie-mac-debt-securities/) ([Markdown](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/freddie-mac-debt-securities.md)): Freddie Mac debt securities are the notes, bonds and discount notes issued by the Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation, a government-sponsored enterprise...
- [Frontier-Market Equities](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/frontier-market-equities/) ([Markdown](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/frontier-market-equities.md)): Frontier market equities are the stocks of companies in the smallest, least liquid and least accessible markets below emerging status: Vietnam, Bangladesh...
- [Funds & Pooled Vehicles Investments](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/funds-and-pooled-vehicles/) ([Markdown](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/funds-and-pooled-vehicles.md)): ETFs, mutual funds, index funds, hedge funds, target-date funds, and other pooled investment structures.
- [Futures: Complete Investor Guide](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/futures/) ([Markdown](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/futures.md)): A futures contract is a standardized, exchange-traded agreement to buy or sell a set quantity of an asset, a commodity, a currency, an index level or an...
- [General Obligation Municipal Bonds](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/general-obligation-municipal-bonds/) ([Markdown](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/general-obligation-municipal-bonds.md)): General obligation bonds are municipal bonds backed by the full faith, credit and taxing power of the issuing state or local government, which pledges to...
- [Global Depositary Receipts](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/global-depositary-receipts/) ([Markdown](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/global-depositary-receipts.md)): A global depositary receipt is a depositary bank's certificate representing shares of a company from one country, issued for trading in a market outside...
- [Gold: Complete Investor Guide](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/gold/) ([Markdown](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/gold.md)): Gold is a precious metal held as a store of value, a hedge against currency debasement and crisis, and a reserve asset by central banks, with no yield and a...
- [Government Money Market Funds](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/government-money-market-funds/) ([Markdown](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/government-money-market-funds.md)): A government money market fund is a money market fund that invests at least 99.5% of its assets in cash, U.S. government securities and repurchase...
- [Government Securities Investments](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/government-securities/) ([Markdown](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/government-securities.md)): U.S. Treasuries, TIPS, savings bonds, agency securities, and sovereign debt instruments.
- [Government-Sponsored Enterprise Debt](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/government-sponsored-enterprise-debt/) ([Markdown](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/government-sponsored-enterprise-debt.md)): Government-sponsored enterprise debt is the collective term for bonds and notes issued by the federally chartered, privately owned institutions created to...
- [Grantor Trust ETPs](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/grantor-trust-etps/) ([Markdown](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/grantor-trust-etps.md)): Grantor trust ETPs are exchange-traded products organized as trusts that hold a single asset or fixed pool, such as physical gold or silver, a currency...
- [Green Bonds: Complete Investor Guide](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/green-bonds/) ([Markdown](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/green-bonds.md)): A green bond is a bond whose proceeds are committed to environmental projects such as renewable energy, energy efficiency, clean transport or climate...
- [Ground Leases: Complete Investor Guide](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/ground-leases/) ([Markdown](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/ground-leases.md)): A ground lease is a long-term lease of land, typically 49 to 99 years, under which the tenant builds and owns the improvements, pays the landowner a ground...
- [Growth Equity: Complete Investor Guide](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/growth-equity/) ([Markdown](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/growth-equity.md)): Growth equity is minority or shared-control investment in established, growing private companies that need capital to expand rather than to be restructured...
- [Healthcare Real Estate](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/healthcare-real-estate/) ([Markdown](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/healthcare-real-estate.md)): Healthcare real estate is property leased to or operated by healthcare providers: medical office buildings, hospitals, skilled nursing facilities, senior...
- [Heating Oil: Complete Investor Guide](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/heating-oil/) ([Markdown](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/heating-oil.md)): Heating oil is a distillate fuel, chemically similar to diesel, used to heat homes in the U.S. Northeast and priced through the NYMEX ultra-low sulphur...
- [High-Yield Corporate Bonds](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/high-yield-corporate-bonds/) ([Markdown](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/high-yield-corporate-bonds.md)): High-yield corporate bonds, also called junk bonds, are corporate bonds rated below BBB-/Baa3, issued by companies with weaker balance sheets, heavier debt...
- [High-Yield Savings Accounts](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/high-yield-savings-accounts/) ([Markdown](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/high-yield-savings-accounts.md)): A high-yield savings account is an insured bank or credit union savings account that pays an interest rate well above the national average, usually offered...
- [Hospitality Real Estate](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/hospitality-real-estate/) ([Markdown](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/hospitality-real-estate.md)): Hospitality real estate is hotels and resorts, from limited-service roadside properties to luxury resorts, owned as operating businesses whose rooms are...
- [Hybrid REITs: Complete Investor Guide](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/hybrid-reits/) ([Markdown](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/hybrid-reits.md)): A hybrid REIT is a real estate investment trust that both owns income-producing property and holds mortgages or mortgage-backed securities, combining the...
- [Immediate Annuities](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/immediate-annuities/) ([Markdown](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/immediate-annuities.md)): An immediate annuity is an insurance contract bought with a single premium that starts paying a fixed income within a year, usually monthly, for the rest of...
- [Income Notes: Complete Investor Guide](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/income-notes/) ([Markdown](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/income-notes.md)): An income note is a structured note that pays a fixed coupon above bond yields for a short term and returns principal at maturity subject to the performance...
- [Index-Linked Notes](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/index-linked-notes/) ([Markdown](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/index-linked-notes.md)): An index-linked note is a structured note whose return at maturity is a formula on a market index, usually a broad equity index, with a participation rate...
- [Index Options: Complete Investor Guide](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/index-options/) ([Markdown](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/index-options.md)): Index options are listed options on a market index itself, such as the S&P 500 (SPX), the Nasdaq-100 (NDX) or the Russell 2000 (RUT), settled in cash at...
- [Indexed Universal Life Cash Value](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/indexed-universal-life-cash-value/) ([Markdown](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/indexed-universal-life-cash-value.md)): Indexed universal life cash value is the account inside a universal life policy whose interest credit is tied to a stock index's price return, usually the...
- [Industrial Real Estate](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/industrial-real-estate/) ([Markdown](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/industrial-real-estate.md)): Industrial real estate is property used for storing, moving and making goods: warehouses, distribution and fulfillment centers, light manufacturing, cold...
- [Infrastructure Debt](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/infrastructure-debt/) ([Markdown](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/infrastructure-debt.md)): Infrastructure debt is lending to the projects and companies that own essential assets (power plants, pipelines, toll roads, airports, utilities, telecoms)...
- [Infrastructure Investments](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/infrastructure-investments/) ([Markdown](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/infrastructure-investments.md)): Infrastructure investments are ownership or lending interests in the physical systems an economy runs on: toll roads, airports, ports, pipelines, power...
- [Insurance-Based Investments Investments](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/insurance-based-investments/) ([Markdown](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/insurance-based-investments.md)): Annuities, variable life insurance, whole life policies, and other insurance-wrapped investment products.
- [Insurance-Linked Securities](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/insurance-linked-securities/) ([Markdown](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/insurance-linked-securities.md)): Insurance-linked securities are investments whose returns depend on insurance risks rather than markets: catastrophe bonds, collateralized reinsurance...
- [Insured Cash Sweep Programs](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/insured-cash-sweep-programs/) ([Markdown](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/insured-cash-sweep-programs.md)): Insured cash sweep programs are arrangements that spread a customer's cash across many banks in amounts under the $250,000 FDIC limit so that a balance of...
- [Insured Municipal Bonds](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/insured-municipal-bonds/) ([Markdown](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/insured-municipal-bonds.md)): An insured municipal bond carries a policy from a bond insurer that promises to pay scheduled principal and interest if the issuer does not, so the bond...
- [Intellectual Property Royalties](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/intellectual-property-royalties/) ([Markdown](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/intellectual-property-royalties.md)): Intellectual property royalties are payments for the use of patents, trademarks, copyrights and trade secrets, calculated as a percentage of the licensee's...
- [Interest-Bearing Checking Accounts](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/interest-bearing-checking-accounts/) ([Markdown](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/interest-bearing-checking-accounts.md)): Interest-bearing checking accounts are transaction accounts at banks and credit unions that pay interest on the balance while allowing unlimited checks...
- [Interest Rate Caps](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/interest-rate-caps/) ([Markdown](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/interest-rate-caps.md)): An interest rate cap is a series of call options on a floating reference rate, each covering one reset period, under which the seller pays the buyer...
- [Interest Rate Floors](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/interest-rate-floors/) ([Markdown](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/interest-rate-floors.md)): An interest rate floor is a series of put options on a floating reference rate, each covering one reset period, under which the seller pays the buyer...
- [Interest Rate Futures](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/interest-rate-futures/) ([Markdown](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/interest-rate-futures.md)): Interest rate futures are futures contracts whose value depends on interest rates or on the prices of interest-bearing securities: short-term rate contracts...
- [Interest-Rate-Linked Notes](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/interest-rate-linked-notes/) ([Markdown](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/interest-rate-linked-notes.md)): An interest-rate-linked note is a structured note whose coupon or principal depends on a benchmark interest rate or on the difference between two rates: a...
- [Interest Rate Options](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/interest-rate-options/) ([Markdown](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/interest-rate-options.md)): Interest rate options are options whose payoff depends on an interest rate or on the price of an interest-rate instrument: exchange-traded options on...
- [Interest Rate Swaps](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/interest-rate-swaps/) ([Markdown](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/interest-rate-swaps.md)): An interest rate swap is an agreement to exchange a fixed interest payment for a floating one on a notional principal over a term, with the floating leg now...
- [International Equities: ADRs and Taxes](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/international-equities/) ([Markdown](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/international-equities.md)): Understand how international stocks work for U.S. investors, including currency exposure, ADRs, withholding taxes, market access and portfolio implementation.
- [International Investments Investments](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/international-investments/) ([Markdown](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/international-investments.md)): Foreign stocks, international ETFs, emerging market funds, ADRs, and cross-border investment vehicles.
- [Investment-Grade Corporate Bonds](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/investment-grade-corporate-bonds/) ([Markdown](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/investment-grade-corporate-bonds.md)): Investment-grade corporate bonds are corporate bonds rated BBB-/Baa3 or higher by the major rating agencies, the band in which default has historically been...
- [Investment-Grade Wine](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/investment-grade-wine/) ([Markdown](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/investment-grade-wine.md)): Investment-grade wine is fine wine from a small set of producers, classified Bordeaux, grand cru Burgundy, top Champagne, Rhone, Tuscany, Napa and a few...
- [Investment Trusts](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/investment-trusts/) ([Markdown](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/investment-trusts.md)): Investment trusts are closed-end funds listed on a stock exchange, the dominant form in the United Kingdom, that raise a fixed pool of capital, invest it...
- [Iron Ore: Complete Investor Guide](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/iron-ore/) ([Markdown](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/iron-ore.md)): Iron ore is the raw material for steel, mined in Australia, Brazil, China and India and shipped mainly to Chinese mills, which take about 70% of seaborne...
- [Joint-and-Survivor Annuities](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/joint-and-survivor-annuities/) ([Markdown](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/joint-and-survivor-annuities.md)): A joint-and-survivor annuity is a lifetime income annuity that pays as long as either of two annuitants, usually spouses, is alive, with the payment...
- [Jumbo Certificates of Deposit](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/jumbo-certificates-of-deposit/) ([Markdown](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/jumbo-certificates-of-deposit.md)): A jumbo certificate of deposit is a bank or credit union CD with a large minimum deposit, traditionally $100,000, that may pay a slightly higher rate than...
- [Lead: Complete Investor Guide](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/lead/) ([Markdown](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/lead.md)): Lead is a base metal used overwhelmingly in lead-acid batteries for vehicles and backup power, over 85% of demand, and supplied mainly by recycling spent...
- [Lean Hogs: Complete Investor Guide](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/lean-hogs/) ([Markdown](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/lean-hogs.md)): Lean hogs are the futures contract on U.S. hog carcasses, traded on CME Group and settled in cash against the CME Lean Hog Index, a weighted average of...
- [LEAPS: Complete Investor Guide](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/leaps/) ([Markdown](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/leaps.md)): LEAPS, Long-term Equity Anticipation Securities, are listed options with expirations more than a year away, up to about three years, on stocks, ETFs and...
- [Leveraged Loans: Complete Investor Guide](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/leveraged-loans/) ([Markdown](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/leveraged-loans.md)): Leveraged loans are syndicated bank loans to companies rated below investment grade or carrying debt well above typical levels, usually to finance buyouts...
- [Leveraged Upside Notes](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/leveraged-upside-notes/) ([Markdown](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/leveraged-upside-notes.md)): A leveraged upside note is a structured note that pays a multiple, typically 1.5x to 3x, of an index's gain up to a cap, and returns par minus the full...
- [Life Annuities: Complete Investor Guide](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/life-annuities/) ([Markdown](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/life-annuities.md)): A life annuity is a contract under which an insurer pays the annuitant a fixed amount at regular intervals for as long as the annuitant lives, in exchange...
- [Life Science Real Estate](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/life-science-real-estate/) ([Markdown](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/life-science-real-estate.md)): Life science real estate is laboratory and research space leased to biotechnology, pharmaceutical and research tenants, concentrated in clusters such as...
- [Life Settlement Interests](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/life-settlement-interests/) ([Markdown](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/life-settlement-interests.md)): Life settlement interests are fractional investments in purchased life insurance policies, sold to individual investors by promoters who buy policies from...
- [Life Settlements](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/life-settlements/) ([Markdown](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/life-settlements.md)): A life settlement is the sale of an existing life insurance policy by its owner, typically an insured over 65 with a policy no longer needed or affordable...
- [Limited Partnership Interests](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/limited-partnership-interests/) ([Markdown](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/limited-partnership-interests.md)): Limited partnership interests are ownership units in a partnership managed by a general partner, where the limited partners contribute capital, receive...
- [Lithium: Complete Investor Guide](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/lithium/) ([Markdown](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/lithium.md)): Lithium is the light metal at the heart of rechargeable batteries for electric vehicles, electronics and grid storage, produced as carbonate and hydroxide...
- [Litigation Finance](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/litigation-finance/) ([Markdown](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/litigation-finance.md)): Litigation finance is the funding of lawsuits by investors who pay a plaintiff's or law firm's legal costs in exchange for a share of any recovery...
- [Live Cattle: Complete Investor Guide](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/live-cattle/) ([Markdown](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/live-cattle.md)): Live cattle are finished beef cattle ready for slaughter, priced on the CME live cattle futures contract in cents per pound for 40,000-pound lots delivered...
- [Longevity Annuities](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/longevity-annuities/) ([Markdown](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/longevity-annuities.md)): A longevity annuity is a deferred income annuity designed to begin payments at an advanced age, typically 80 or 85, bought years earlier with a small...
- [Lumber: Complete Investor Guide](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/lumber/) ([Markdown](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/lumber.md)): Lumber is sawn softwood, mainly spruce-pine-fir and southern yellow pine, used for house framing, and priced on the CME lumber futures contract in dollars...
- [Managed Futures: Complete Investor Guide](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/managed-futures/) ([Markdown](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/managed-futures.md)): Managed futures are investment programs run by commodity trading advisors that trade futures, options and forwards across commodities, currencies, interest...
- [Manufactured Housing Communities](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/manufactured-housing-communities/) ([Markdown](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/manufactured-housing-communities.md)): Manufactured housing communities are land-lease properties where residents own their factory-built homes and rent the sites, with the owner providing roads...
- [Market-Linked Certificates of Deposit](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/market-linked-certificates-of-deposit/) ([Markdown](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/market-linked-certificates-of-deposit.md)): A market-linked certificate of deposit is an FDIC-insured bank CD whose return is tied to an index, a basket of stocks or commodities, or a currency, rather...
- [Market-Linked Notes](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/market-linked-notes/) ([Markdown](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/market-linked-notes.md)): A market-linked note is the general name for a structured note whose return at maturity is tied to a market measure, an equity index, a basket of stocks, a...
- [Marketplace Lending](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/marketplace-lending/) ([Markdown](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/marketplace-lending.md)): Marketplace lending is the origination of consumer, small-business and real estate loans through online platforms that underwrite borrowers with automated...
- [Master Limited Partnership Units](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/master-limited-partnership-units/) ([Markdown](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/master-limited-partnership-units.md)): Master limited partnership units are publicly traded limited partnership interests, mostly in owners of energy infrastructure such as pipelines and storage...
- [Medical Office Buildings](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/medical-office-buildings/) ([Markdown](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/medical-office-buildings.md)): Medical office buildings are properties built or fitted out for physician practices, outpatient clinics, imaging, ambulatory surgery and specialty care...
- [Metals Futures: Complete Investor Guide](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/metals-futures/) ([Markdown](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/metals-futures.md)): Metals futures are exchange-traded contracts on precious metals (gold, silver, platinum, palladium) and base metals (copper, aluminium, zinc, nickel, lead...
- [Mezzanine Debt: Complete Investor Guide](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/mezzanine-debt/) ([Markdown](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/mezzanine-debt.md)): Mezzanine debt is subordinated financing between senior loans and equity in a company's or a property's capital structure, typically unsecured or...
- [Micro Futures: Complete Investor Guide](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/micro-futures/) ([Markdown](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/micro-futures.md)): Micro futures are reduced-size versions of standard and E-mini contracts, typically one-tenth of the E-mini, such as the Micro E-mini S&P 500 at $5 times...
- [Mineral Rights: Complete Investor Guide](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/mineral-rights/) ([Markdown](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/mineral-rights.md)): Mineral rights are the ownership of the oil, gas, coal or other minerals beneath a parcel of land, which can be held separately from the surface. The owner...
- [Money Market Deposit Accounts](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/money-market-deposit-accounts/) ([Markdown](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/money-market-deposit-accounts.md)): A money market deposit account is an insured bank or credit union deposit that pays interest at a rate the institution sets, often tiered by balance, and...
- [Money Market Funds](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/money-market-funds/) ([Markdown](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/money-market-funds.md)): A money market fund is a mutual fund that invests in short-term, high-quality debt such as Treasury bills, agency paper, repurchase agreements and...
- [Mortgage-Backed Securities](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/mortgage-backed-securities/) ([Markdown](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/mortgage-backed-securities.md)): A mortgage-backed security is a bond whose payments come from a pool of mortgage loans, residential or commercial, passed through to investors as homeowners...
- [Mortgage Notes: Complete Investor Guide](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/mortgage-notes/) ([Markdown](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/mortgage-notes.md)): Mortgage notes are promissory notes and the mortgages or deeds of trust that secure them, bought by investors from banks, servicers, seller-financers and...
- [Mortgage Pass-Through Securities](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/mortgage-pass-through-securities/) ([Markdown](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/mortgage-pass-through-securities.md)): Mortgage pass-through securities are bonds that represent ownership of a pool of residential mortgages, with the borrowers' monthly principal and interest...
- [Mortgage REITs: Complete Investor Guide](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/mortgage-reits/) ([Markdown](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/mortgage-reits.md)): A mortgage REIT is a real estate investment trust that holds mortgages and mortgage-backed securities rather than property, funded mainly with short-term...
- [Multi-Year Guaranteed Annuities](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/multi-year-guaranteed-annuities/) ([Markdown](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/multi-year-guaranteed-annuities.md)): A multi-year fixed-rate annuity, usually called a MYGA, is a fixed deferred annuity whose credited interest rate is locked for the entire term, typically...
- [Multifamily Real Estate](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/multifamily-real-estate/) ([Markdown](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/multifamily-real-estate.md)): Multifamily real estate is residential property with five or more units, apartment buildings and complexes, financed with commercial or agency multifamily...
- [Municipal Bonds: Complete Investor Guide](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/municipal-bonds/) ([Markdown](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/municipal-bonds.md)): Municipal bonds are debt issued by states, cities, counties and other public entities to fund schools, roads, water systems and other public projects, with...
- [Municipal Notes: Complete Investor Guide](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/municipal-notes/) ([Markdown](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/municipal-notes.md)): Municipal notes are short-term debt of states, cities, school districts and authorities, usually maturing within a year, issued to bridge the gap between...
- [Music Royalties: Complete Investor Guide](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/music-royalties/) ([Markdown](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/music-royalties.md)): Music royalties are the payments songwriters, publishers, recording artists and labels receive when music is streamed, sold, broadcast, performed or...
- [Natural Gas: Complete Investor Guide](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/natural-gas/) ([Markdown](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/natural-gas.md)): Natural gas is a fuel for power generation, heating, industry and, increasingly, export as liquefied natural gas, priced in the United States at the Henry...
- [Negotiable Order of Withdrawal Accounts](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/negotiable-order-of-withdrawal-accounts/) ([Markdown](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/negotiable-order-of-withdrawal-accounts.md)): Negotiable order of withdrawal accounts, or NOW accounts, are interest-bearing checking accounts for individuals, nonprofits and government units, created...
- [Nickel: Complete Investor Guide](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/nickel/) ([Markdown](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/nickel.md)): Nickel is a base metal used mainly in stainless steel, with a growing share in the cathodes of lithium-ion batteries, mined in Indonesia, the Philippines...
- [No-Penalty Certificates of Deposit](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/no-penalty-certificates-of-deposit/) ([Markdown](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/no-penalty-certificates-of-deposit.md)): A no-penalty certificate of deposit, also called a liquid CD, is a CD that the depositor may close before maturity, usually after the first week, and...
- [Non-Agency Mortgage-Backed Securities](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/non-agency-mortgage-backed-securities/) ([Markdown](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/non-agency-mortgage-backed-securities.md)): Non-agency mortgage-backed securities are mortgage bonds issued without backing from Fannie Mae, Freddie Mac or Ginnie Mae, collateralized by loans the...
- [Non-Cumulative Preferred Stock](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/non-cumulative-preferred-stock/) ([Markdown](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/non-cumulative-preferred-stock.md)): Non-cumulative preferred stock is preferred stock whose dividends, once skipped, are gone: the company owes nothing for missed periods and may resume common...
- [Non-Deliverable Forwards](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/non-deliverable-forwards/) ([Markdown](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/non-deliverable-forwards.md)): A non-deliverable forward is a currency forward settled in cash, usually dollars, for the difference between the agreed forward rate and the spot rate at a...
- [Oats: Complete Investor Guide](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/oats/) ([Markdown](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/oats.md)): Oats are a minor grain grown for horse and livestock feed and for human food such as oatmeal, produced mainly in Canada, Russia, the European Union and...
- [OEICs: Complete Investor Guide](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/oeics/) ([Markdown](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/oeics.md)): OEICs, or open-ended investment companies, are the corporate form of UK authorized funds: companies whose share capital expands and contracts as investors...
- [Office Real Estate](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/office-real-estate/) ([Markdown](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/office-real-estate.md)): Office real estate is property leased to businesses for workspace, from downtown towers to suburban campuses and medical office, under multi-year leases...
- [Oil & Gas Limited Partnerships](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/oil-and-gas-limited-partnerships/) ([Markdown](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/oil-and-gas-limited-partnerships.md)): Oil and gas limited partnerships are drilling or income programs in which a sponsor as general partner raises capital from limited partners to drill wells...
- [Oil & Gas Royalty Interests](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/oil-and-gas-royalty-interests/) ([Markdown](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/oil-and-gas-royalty-interests.md)): Oil and gas royalty interests are the mineral owner's share of production from a lease, typically 12.5% to 25% of the oil and gas produced, paid in cash by...
- [Options on Futures](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/options-on-futures/) ([Markdown](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/options-on-futures.md)): Options on futures are options whose underlying is a futures contract rather than a stock or index, traded on futures exchanges such as CME and ICE...
- [Options: Complete Investor Guide](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/options/) ([Markdown](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/options.md)): An option is a contract that gives its buyer the right, but not the obligation, to buy (a call) or sell (a put) an underlying asset at a fixed strike price...
- [Orange Juice: Complete Investor Guide](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/orange-juice/) ([Markdown](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/orange-juice.md)): Frozen concentrated orange juice is priced on the ICE FCOJ-A futures contract in cents per pound solids, reflecting the Florida and Brazilian orange crops...
- [Overriding Royalty Interests](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/overriding-royalty-interests/) ([Markdown](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/overriding-royalty-interests.md)): Overriding royalty interests are royalties carved out of an oil and gas lease's working interest rather than out of the mineral ownership, paid as a...
- [Palladium: Complete Investor Guide](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/palladium/) ([Markdown](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/palladium.md)): Palladium is a precious metal used overwhelmingly in catalytic converters for gasoline engines, with over 80% of demand from automakers, mined mainly in...
- [Partially Principal-Protected Notes](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/partially-principal-protected-notes/) ([Markdown](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/partially-principal-protected-notes.md)): Partially principal protected notes are structured notes issued by banks that promise to return a stated fraction of principal at maturity (80% to 95%)...
- [Participating Preferred Stock](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/participating-preferred-stock/) ([Markdown](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/participating-preferred-stock.md)): Participating preferred stock is preferred stock that, after receiving its fixed dividend or liquidation preference, also shares in distributions to common...
- [Payment-in-Kind Bonds](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/payment-in-kind-bonds/) ([Markdown](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/payment-in-kind-bonds.md)): A payment-in-kind bond lets the issuer pay interest in additional bonds rather than cash, either at its option (a PIK toggle) or by the bond's terms, so the...
- [Peer-to-Peer Lending](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/peer-to-peer-lending/) ([Markdown](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/peer-to-peer-lending.md)): Peer-to-peer lending is the original form of marketplace lending, in which individuals lend to other individuals through an online platform that matches...
- [Period-Certain Annuities](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/period-certain-annuities/) ([Markdown](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/period-certain-annuities.md)): A period-certain annuity pays a fixed amount for a set number of years, commonly 10, 15 or 20, to the annuitant or, if the annuitant dies, to a beneficiary...
- [Perpetual Bonds: Complete Investor Guide](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/perpetual-bonds/) ([Markdown](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/perpetual-bonds.md)): A perpetual bond has no maturity date: the issuer pays its coupon indefinitely and is never obliged to repay the principal, so the holder's exit is a sale...
- [Perpetual Preferred Stock](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/perpetual-preferred-stock/) ([Markdown](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/perpetual-preferred-stock.md)): Perpetual preferred stock is preferred stock with no maturity date: the dividend is paid for as long as the company exists and chooses to pay it, and the...
- [Pharmaceutical Royalties](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/pharmaceutical-royalties/) ([Markdown](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/pharmaceutical-royalties.md)): Pharmaceutical royalties are payments to the inventors, universities, biotechnology companies and licensors of a drug for a percentage of its sales by the...
- [Physical Precious Metals](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/physical-precious-metals/) ([Markdown](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/physical-precious-metals.md)): Physical precious metals are gold, silver, platinum and palladium held in bar or coin form, in the investor's possession or in a vault in the investor's...
- [Platinum: Complete Investor Guide](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/platinum/) ([Markdown](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/platinum.md)): Platinum is a precious and industrial metal whose largest use is in catalytic converters for diesel and gasoline engines, with jewellery, chemical and...
- [Portfolio Autopsies: What Went Wrong?](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/portfolio-autopsies/) ([Markdown](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/portfolio-autopsies.md)): Investment post-mortems on famous failures: Enron, Lehman Brothers, FTX, Theranos, and more. Reconstruct each thesis, find the warning signals.
- [100% Employer Stock Portfolio Autopsy](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/portfolio-autopsies/100-employer-stock-portfolio/) ([Markdown](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/portfolio-autopsies/100-employer-stock-portfolio.md)): Holding a large percentage of wealth in employer stock is a concentrated single-stock risk that correlates with employment income, creating a double loss in com
- [23andMe Investment Autopsy](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/portfolio-autopsies/23andme/) ([Markdown](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/portfolio-autopsies/23andme.md)): 23andMe went public via SPAC in 2021 at a $3.5 billion valuation. Its consumer genetic testing business proved to be a one-time purchase with poor retention int
- [AIG 2008 Investment Autopsy](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/portfolio-autopsies/aig-2008/) ([Markdown](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/portfolio-autopsies/aig-2008.md)): AIG was one of the world's largest insurance companies until its Financial Products division sold credit protection on $440 billion of mortgage-backed securitie
- [AMC Entertainment Meme Stock Autopsy](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/portfolio-autopsies/amc-entertainment-2021-meme-episode/) ([Markdown](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/portfolio-autopsies/amc-entertainment-2021-meme-episode.md)): AMC Entertainment, the cinema chain, became the second major meme stock in 2021 after GameStop. The company used the elevated stock price to raise equity capita
- [AOL Time Warner Merger Autopsy](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/portfolio-autopsies/aol-time-warner-merger/) ([Markdown](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/portfolio-autopsies/aol-time-warner-merger.md)): The January 2001 merger of AOL and Time Warner, valued at $350 billion, was the largest merger in U.S. history. Within two years, the combined company reported
- [Archegos Capital Management Autopsy](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/portfolio-autopsies/archegos-capital-management/) ([Markdown](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/portfolio-autopsies/archegos-capital-management.md)): Archegos Capital Management was a family office run by Bill Hwang that accumulated extremely leveraged positions in a small number of media and technology stock
- [ARK Innovation ETF Autopsy](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/portfolio-autopsies/ark-innovation-etf-2021-2022/) ([Markdown](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/portfolio-autopsies/ark-innovation-etf-2021-2022.md)): ARK Innovation ETF (ARKK) gained 149% in 2020 and attracted $28 billion in assets near its peak, then declined approximately 75% from peak in 2022 as interest r
- [Averaging Down Into a Broken Thesis Autopsy: What Went Wrong?](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/portfolio-autopsies/averaging-down-into-a-broken-thesis/) ([Markdown](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/portfolio-autopsies/averaging-down-into-a-broken-thesis.md)): Averaging down means buying more shares as a stock price falls, reducing the average purchase cost. When the thesis is intact, this can be rational. When the th
- [Bayer-Monsanto Acquisition Autopsy](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/portfolio-autopsies/bayer-monsanto-acquisition/) ([Markdown](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/portfolio-autopsies/bayer-monsanto-acquisition.md)): Bayer AG acquired Monsanto for $63 billion in 2018. The acquisition brought Roundup, the world's best-selling herbicide, along with massive and unresolved glyph
- [Bear Stearns Investment Autopsy](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/portfolio-autopsies/bear-stearns/) ([Markdown](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/portfolio-autopsies/bear-stearns.md)): Bear Stearns was the first major Wall Street firm to fail in the 2008 financial crisis. Two of its hedge funds collapsed in June 2007 due to subprime mortgage l
- [Bed Bath & Beyond Investment Autopsy](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/portfolio-autopsies/bed-bath-and-beyond/) ([Markdown](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/portfolio-autopsies/bed-bath-and-beyond.md)): Bed Bath and Beyond spent approximately $11.9 billion on share buybacks and dividends from 2004 to 2019 while its retail position deteriorated. Amazon captured
- [Madoff Investment Securities Autopsy](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/portfolio-autopsies/bernard-l-madoff-investment-securities/) ([Markdown](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/portfolio-autopsies/bernard-l-madoff-investment-securities.md)): Bernie Madoff ran the largest Ponzi scheme in U.S. history, with approximately $64.8 billion in reported account balances that represented fictitious returns on
- [Beyond Meat Investment Autopsy](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/portfolio-autopsies/beyond-meat/) ([Markdown](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/portfolio-autopsies/beyond-meat.md)): Beyond Meat's IPO in May 2019 at $25 per share produced a first-day close of $65 and a subsequent high of $235 on the thesis that plant-based meat would capture
- [BlackBerry Investment Autopsy](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/portfolio-autopsies/blackberry/) ([Markdown](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/portfolio-autopsies/blackberry.md)): BlackBerry dominated enterprise mobile communications before the iPhone disruption. Management dismissed the threat until market share had already collapsed irr
- [Blockbuster Investment Autopsy](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/portfolio-autopsies/blockbuster/) ([Markdown](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/portfolio-autopsies/blockbuster.md)): Blockbuster's core business of physical video rental was disrupted by Netflix's mail-order model and then by digital streaming. Management failed to adapt despi
- [Borders Group Investment Autopsy](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/portfolio-autopsies/borders-group/) ([Markdown](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/portfolio-autopsies/borders-group.md)): Borders outsourced its online sales to Amazon.com in 2001 and let Amazon build its book customer data and fulfillment capabilities. When digital books displaced
- [Canoo Investment Autopsy](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/portfolio-autopsies/canoo/) ([Markdown](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/portfolio-autopsies/canoo.md)): Canoo went public via SPAC in December 2020 at a $2.4 billion valuation. The electric vehicle company never produced vehicles at commercial scale, burned throug
- [Carvana Investment Autopsy](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/portfolio-autopsies/carvana-2021-2023/) ([Markdown](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/portfolio-autopsies/carvana-2021-2023.md)): Carvana, the online used car dealer, reached a $60 billion valuation in 2021 and fell to under $1 billion in 2022 before a partial recovery. Rapid inventory exp
- [Celsius Network Investment Autopsy](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/portfolio-autopsies/celsius-network/) ([Markdown](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/portfolio-autopsies/celsius-network.md)): Celsius Network was a crypto lending platform that promised yields of 17%+ on cryptocurrency deposits. It filed for bankruptcy in July 2022 after freezing custo
- [Chasing High Dividend Yields Investment Autopsy: What Went Wrong?](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/portfolio-autopsies/chasing-high-dividend-yields/) ([Markdown](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/portfolio-autopsies/chasing-high-dividend-yields.md)): Investing in stocks or funds based primarily on high dividend yields is a systematic error. High yields often indicate market expectation of dividend cuts or de
- [Chesapeake Energy Investment Autopsy](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/portfolio-autopsies/chesapeake-energy-2014-2020/) ([Markdown](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/portfolio-autopsies/chesapeake-energy-2014-2020.md)): Chesapeake Energy was the second-largest natural gas producer in the U.S. under founder Aubrey McClendon. It accumulated $13 billion in debt pursuing aggressive
- [Circuit City Investment Autopsy](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/portfolio-autopsies/circuit-city/) ([Markdown](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/portfolio-autopsies/circuit-city.md)): Circuit City was the second-largest consumer electronics retailer in the U.S. before filing for bankruptcy in November 2008. A pivotal self-inflicted wound was
- [Country Garden Investment Autopsy](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/portfolio-autopsies/country-garden/) ([Markdown](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/portfolio-autopsies/country-garden.md)): Country Garden Holdings was China's largest property developer by sales volume. It had been financially stronger than Evergrande but defaulted in 2023 as Chines
- [Credit Suisse Investment Autopsy](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/portfolio-autopsies/credit-suisse/) ([Markdown](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/portfolio-autopsies/credit-suisse.md)): Credit Suisse, one of Switzerland's two major banks, suffered a fifteen-year series of scandals, losses, and risk failures before being acquired by UBS in an em
- [Crypto ICO Bubble 2017 Investment Autopsy: What Went Wrong?](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/portfolio-autopsies/crypto-ico-bubble-2017/) ([Markdown](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/portfolio-autopsies/crypto-ico-bubble-2017.md)): Initial coin offerings raised approximately $7 billion in 2017 through the sale of newly created cryptocurrency tokens. Most projects failed to deliver function
- [DiDi Global Investment Autopsy](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/portfolio-autopsies/didi-global/) ([Markdown](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/portfolio-autopsies/didi-global.md)): DiDi Global, the Chinese ride-hailing company, raised $4.4 billion in its New York IPO in June 2021. Days after listing, Chinese regulators ordered DiDi's remov
- [Dot-Com Bubble 2000 Investment Autopsy](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/portfolio-autopsies/dot-com-bubble-2000/) ([Markdown](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/portfolio-autopsies/dot-com-bubble-2000.md)): The dot-com bubble was a speculative bubble in technology and internet stocks that peaked in March 2000. The NASDAQ fell approximately 78% from its March 2000 p
- [Enron Investment Autopsy](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/portfolio-autopsies/enron/) ([Markdown](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/portfolio-autopsies/enron.md)): Enron used off-balance-sheet vehicles to hide debt and inflate earnings for years. The thesis that Enron was a fast-growing energy innovator rested on fabricate
- [Evergrande Investment Autopsy](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/portfolio-autopsies/evergrande/) ([Markdown](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/portfolio-autopsies/evergrande.md)): China Evergrande Group was China's largest property developer by assets. Its 2021 default triggered the largest real estate developer crisis in Chinese history
- [First Republic Bank Investment Autopsy](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/portfolio-autopsies/first-republic-bank/) ([Markdown](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/portfolio-autopsies/first-republic-bank.md)): First Republic Bank failed in May 2023 in the same wave of bank failures as Silicon Valley Bank. Its business model of offering below-market jumbo mortgages to
- [Fisker 2024 Investment Autopsy](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/portfolio-autopsies/fisker-2024/) ([Markdown](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/portfolio-autopsies/fisker-2024.md)): Fisker Inc. went public via SPAC in 2020 and pursued an asset-light EV manufacturing strategy using Magna International as a contract manufacturer. The company
- [FTX Investment Autopsy: What Went Wrong?](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/portfolio-autopsies/ftx/) ([Markdown](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/portfolio-autopsies/ftx.md)): FTX used customer deposits to fund speculative investments and losses at its affiliated trading firm Alameda Research. When Alameda's balance sheet became publi
- [GameStop 2021 Meme Stock Autopsy](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/portfolio-autopsies/gamestop-2021-meme-episode/) ([Markdown](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/portfolio-autopsies/gamestop-2021-meme-episode.md)): GameStop's stock rose from approximately $4 in 2020 to a peak of $483 in January 2021, driven by retail investor coordination via Reddit's WallStreetBets forum
- [GE Investment Autopsy: What Went Wrong?](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/portfolio-autopsies/general-electric-2000-2018/) ([Markdown](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/portfolio-autopsies/general-electric-2000-2018.md)): GE Capital, the financial services arm that generated roughly half of GE's earnings during the Jack Welch era, accumulated risks that the parent corporation cou
- [Hertz Investment Autopsy](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/portfolio-autopsies/hertz-2020/) ([Markdown](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/portfolio-autopsies/hertz-2020.md)): Hertz filed for bankruptcy in May 2020 after COVID-19 grounded air travel and eliminated rental demand. But the company had been deteriorating for years under a
- [HP-Autonomy Acquisition Autopsy](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/portfolio-autopsies/hp-autonomy-acquisition/) ([Markdown](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/portfolio-autopsies/hp-autonomy-acquisition.md)): Hewlett-Packard acquired UK software company Autonomy for $11.1 billion in 2011, then took an $8.8 billion write-down one year later, accusing Autonomy's manage
- [Intel Investment Autopsy](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/portfolio-autopsies/intel-2000-2026/) ([Markdown](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/portfolio-autopsies/intel-2000-2026.md)): Intel dominated PC and server chips from the 1990s. A series of manufacturing delays from 2018, combined with the rise of ARM processors in mobile and Apple Sil
- [Invitae Investment Autopsy](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/portfolio-autopsies/invitae/) ([Markdown](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/portfolio-autopsies/invitae.md)): Invitae was a genetic testing company that pursued aggressive market share growth by pricing genetic tests near cost, building test volume with the intention of
- [Japanese Asset Bubble 1989 Investment Autopsy: What Went Wrong?](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/portfolio-autopsies/japanese-asset-bubble-1989/) ([Markdown](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/portfolio-autopsies/japanese-asset-bubble-1989.md)): Japan's asset bubble of the 1980s resulted in stock and real estate prices declining 80-90% from their 1989-1990 peaks. The Nikkei 225 index did not surpass its
- [JCPenney Investment Autopsy](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/portfolio-autopsies/jcpenney/) ([Markdown](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/portfolio-autopsies/jcpenney.md)): JCPenney's CEO Ron Johnson eliminated promotional pricing in 2012, alienating its core customer base. The attempted transformation destroyed revenue, and the co
- [Kodak Investment Autopsy](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/portfolio-autopsies/kodak/) ([Markdown](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/portfolio-autopsies/kodak.md)): Kodak invented the digital camera in 1975 but suppressed its development to protect film revenue. When digital photography displaced film in the 2000s, Kodak ha
- [Kraft Heinz 2019 Investment Autopsy](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/portfolio-autopsies/kraft-heinz-2019/) ([Markdown](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/portfolio-autopsies/kraft-heinz-2019.md)): Kraft Heinz was formed in 2015 by the merger of Kraft Foods and H.J. Heinz, engineered by 3G Capital and Berkshire Hathaway. The 3G zero-based budgeting model c
- [Lehman Brothers Investment Autopsy](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/portfolio-autopsies/lehman-brothers/) ([Markdown](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/portfolio-autopsies/lehman-brothers.md)): Lehman Brothers accumulated $600 billion in assets against $22 billion in equity, a leverage ratio of over 30:1, with heavy concentration in real estate and str
- [Leveraged ETF Buy-and-Hold Autopsy](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/portfolio-autopsies/leveraged-etf-buy-and-hold/) ([Markdown](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/portfolio-autopsies/leveraged-etf-buy-and-hold.md)): Leveraged ETFs (2x or 3x daily return products) are designed for short-term trading, not long-term holding. Daily rebalancing creates 'volatility decay' that er
- [Long-Term Capital Management Autopsy](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/portfolio-autopsies/long-term-capital-management/) ([Markdown](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/portfolio-autopsies/long-term-capital-management.md)): Long-Term Capital Management was a hedge fund led by Nobel laureates and former Salomon Brothers traders. It built leveraged positions in convergence trades acr
- [Lordstown Motors Investment Autopsy](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/portfolio-autopsies/lordstown-motors/) ([Markdown](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/portfolio-autopsies/lordstown-motors.md)): Lordstown Motors went public via SPAC in 2020 claiming 100,000 pre-orders for its electric pickup truck. The SEC and DOJ later found the pre-orders were largely
- [Lucid Motors Investment Autopsy](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/portfolio-autopsies/lucid/) ([Markdown](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/portfolio-autopsies/lucid.md)): Lucid Group listed via SPAC merger in July 2021. Despite producing the Lucid Air with the longest range of any production EV, the company missed production targ
- [Luckin Coffee Investment Autopsy](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/portfolio-autopsies/luckin-coffee-2020/) ([Markdown](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/portfolio-autopsies/luckin-coffee-2020.md)): Luckin Coffee fabricated approximately 2.2 billion Chinese yuan in revenue (approximately $310 million) in 2019. The Chinese coffee chain had listed on the NASD
- [Meme Stock Bubble 2021 Investment Autopsy: What Went Wrong?](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/portfolio-autopsies/meme-stock-bubble-2021/) ([Markdown](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/portfolio-autopsies/meme-stock-bubble-2021.md)): The 2021 meme stock phenomenon saw heavily shorted stocks including GameStop, AMC, and others rise hundreds of percent in days through retail investor coordinat
- [Mt. Gox Investment Autopsy](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/portfolio-autopsies/mt-gox/) ([Markdown](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/portfolio-autopsies/mt-gox.md)): Mt. Gox was the world's largest Bitcoin exchange at its 2013 peak, handling over 70% of global Bitcoin trades. A security compromise and internal mismanagement
- [Nikola Investment Autopsy](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/portfolio-autopsies/nikola/) ([Markdown](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/portfolio-autopsies/nikola.md)): Nikola founder Trevor Milton made false statements about the company's technology development, including a promotional video that implied a hydrogen truck was d
- [Nokia Investment Autopsy](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/portfolio-autopsies/nokia/) ([Markdown](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/portfolio-autopsies/nokia.md)): Nokia was the world's largest mobile phone manufacturer from 1998 to 2012. The iPhone disrupted its position in high-end smartphones, and Nokia's eventual strat
- [Peloton Investment Autopsy](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/portfolio-autopsies/peloton/) ([Markdown](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/portfolio-autopsies/peloton.md)): Peloton's COVID-era demand surge led management to dramatically expand manufacturing capacity and staffing. When COVID restrictions lifted and gym competition r
- [PG&E 2019 Investment Autopsy](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/portfolio-autopsies/pg-and-e-2019/) ([Markdown](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/portfolio-autopsies/pg-and-e-2019.md)): Pacific Gas and Electric filed for bankruptcy in January 2019 after its equipment was linked to California wildfires causing billions in liability. Shareholders
- [Proterra Investment Autopsy](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/portfolio-autopsies/proterra/) ([Markdown](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/portfolio-autopsies/proterra.md)): Proterra was an electric bus manufacturer that went public via SPAC in 2021. Despite genuine product success with transit agencies, it filed for bankruptcy in A
- [RadioShack Investment Autopsy](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/portfolio-autopsies/radioshack/) ([Markdown](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/portfolio-autopsies/radioshack.md)): RadioShack's core customer, the electronics hobbyist buying components and building gadgets, was replaced by consumers who bought finished consumer electronics.
- [Reserve Primary Fund 2008 Autopsy](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/portfolio-autopsies/reserve-primary-fund-2008/) ([Markdown](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/portfolio-autopsies/reserve-primary-fund-2008.md)): The Reserve Primary Fund 'broke the buck' on September 16, 2008, the first money market fund to do so since 1994. Its net asset value fell below $1.00 because i
- [Rivian Investment Autopsy](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/portfolio-autopsies/rivian/) ([Markdown](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/portfolio-autopsies/rivian.md)): Rivian went public in November 2021 at a $66 billion valuation, the largest U.S. IPO since Facebook. Production ramp problems, supply chain challenges, and fixe
- [Sears Holdings Investment Autopsy](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/portfolio-autopsies/sears-holdings/) ([Markdown](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/portfolio-autopsies/sears-holdings.md)): Sears Holdings was formed by the 2005 merger of Kmart and Sears under hedge fund manager Eddie Lampert. Lampert believed Sears's real estate and data assets wer
- [Sequence of Returns Risk Investment Autopsy: What Went Wrong?](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/portfolio-autopsies/sequence-of-returns-failure/) ([Markdown](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/portfolio-autopsies/sequence-of-returns-failure.md)): Sequence of returns risk describes how the order of investment returns, not just the average return, determines retirement portfolio sustainability when withdra
- [Silicon Valley Bank Investment Autopsy](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/portfolio-autopsies/silicon-valley-bank/) ([Markdown](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/portfolio-autopsies/silicon-valley-bank.md)): Silicon Valley Bank invested a large portion of its deposit base in long-duration mortgage-backed securities and treasuries during the 2021 zero-rate environmen
- [SmileDirectClub Investment Autopsy](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/portfolio-autopsies/smiledirectclub/) ([Markdown](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/portfolio-autopsies/smiledirectclub.md)): SmileDirectClub offered direct-to-consumer clear aligner teeth straightening, bypassing orthodontists. The company IPO'd in 2019 at $23 per share. Persistent re
- [SPAC Bubble 2020-2021 Investment Autopsy](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/portfolio-autopsies/spac-bubble-2020-2021/) ([Markdown](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/portfolio-autopsies/spac-bubble-2020-2021.md)): The 2020-2021 SPAC boom saw over $300 billion raised through blank-check companies. Most SPAC targets traded below trust value within two years, with many EV an
- [Spirit Airlines Investment Autopsy](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/portfolio-autopsies/spirit-airlines-2024-2026/) ([Markdown](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/portfolio-autopsies/spirit-airlines-2024-2026.md)): Spirit Airlines filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy in November 2024 after a proposed merger with Frontier Airlines was withdrawn and a subsequent acquisition attem
- [SunEdison Investment Autopsy](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/portfolio-autopsies/sunedison/) ([Markdown](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/portfolio-autopsies/sunedison.md)): SunEdison was the world's largest renewable energy developer by 2015 before filing for bankruptcy in April 2016. The company used a complex 'YieldCo' structure
- [Sunnova Energy Investment Autopsy](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/portfolio-autopsies/sunnova-energy/) ([Markdown](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/portfolio-autopsies/sunnova-energy.md)): Sunnova Energy provided residential solar financing through leases and PPAs, depending on low interest rates to fund the capital-intensive model. Rising rates m
- [Terraform Labs (Terra/LUNA) Investment Autopsy: What Went Wrong?](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/portfolio-autopsies/terraform-labs-terra/) ([Markdown](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/portfolio-autopsies/terraform-labs-terra.md)): Terra's UST stablecoin and its sister token LUNA collapsed in May 2022, wiping out approximately $40-60 billion in market value in days. The algorithmic stablec
- [Theranos Investment Autopsy](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/portfolio-autopsies/theranos/) ([Markdown](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/portfolio-autopsies/theranos.md)): Theranos claimed to run hundreds of medical tests from a single drop of blood using proprietary technology. The technology did not work. The company secretly us
- [Toys R Us Investment Autopsy](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/portfolio-autopsies/toys-r-us/) ([Markdown](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/portfolio-autopsies/toys-r-us.md)): Toys R Us was taken private by KKR, Bain Capital, and Vornado Realty in a 2005 leveraged buyout that loaded the company with $5 billion in debt. The debt servic
- [U.S. Housing Bubble 2006 Investment Autopsy: What Went Wrong?](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/portfolio-autopsies/u-s-housing-bubble-2006/) ([Markdown](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/portfolio-autopsies/u-s-housing-bubble-2006.md)): The U.S. housing bubble peaked in 2006 and its collapse triggered the 2008 financial crisis, the most severe global financial crisis since the Great Depression.
- [United States Oil Fund (USO) April 2020 Autopsy: What Went Wrong?](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/portfolio-autopsies/united-states-oil-fund-uso-april-2020/) ([Markdown](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/portfolio-autopsies/united-states-oil-fund-uso-april-2020.md)): The United States Oil Fund (USO) suffered extraordinary structural losses in April 2020 when oil futures went negative for the first time in history, exposing f
- [Valeant Pharmaceuticals Investment Autopsy: What Went Wrong?](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/portfolio-autopsies/valeant-pharmaceuticals-bausch-health/) ([Markdown](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/portfolio-autopsies/valeant-pharmaceuticals-bausch-health.md)): Valeant Pharmaceuticals pursued an aggressive pharmaceutical acquisition strategy combined with extreme price increases on acquired drugs. A short seller report
- [Virgin Galactic Investment Autopsy](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/portfolio-autopsies/virgin-galactic/) ([Markdown](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/portfolio-autopsies/virgin-galactic.md)): Virgin Galactic went public via SPAC in October 2019, the first space tourism company to list publicly. The company promised commercial spaceflights but faced r
- [Washington Mutual Investment Autopsy](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/portfolio-autopsies/washington-mutual/) ([Markdown](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/portfolio-autopsies/washington-mutual.md)): Washington Mutual was the largest bank failure in U.S. history. It aggressively originated subprime and option ARM mortgages during the housing boom, accumulati
- [WeWork Investment Autopsy](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/portfolio-autopsies/wework/) ([Markdown](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/portfolio-autopsies/wework.md)): WeWork was valued at $47 billion by SoftBank before a failed IPO in 2019 revealed fundamental unit economics problems and governance failures under founder Adam
- [Wirecard Investment Autopsy](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/portfolio-autopsies/wirecard/) ([Markdown](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/portfolio-autopsies/wirecard.md)): Wirecard fabricated approximately 1.9 billion euros in cash held in escrow accounts in the Philippines that did not exist. The German payments company was inclu
- [Woodford Equity Income Fund Autopsy](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/portfolio-autopsies/woodford-equity-income-fund-2019/) ([Markdown](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/portfolio-autopsies/woodford-equity-income-fund-2019.md)): Neil Woodford was the UK's most celebrated fund manager, with a 25-year record at Invesco. His Woodford Equity Income Fund raised £10 billion before liquidity p
- [WorldCom Investment Autopsy](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/portfolio-autopsies/worldcom/) ([Markdown](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/portfolio-autopsies/worldcom.md)): WorldCom inflated earnings by booking $3.8 billion in operating expenses as capital expenditures, making margins appear far higher than they were. The company a
- [WW International Investment Autopsy](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/portfolio-autopsies/ww-international-2025/) ([Markdown](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/portfolio-autopsies/ww-international-2025.md)): WW International (formerly Weight Watchers) was disrupted by GLP-1 weight loss drugs (Ozempic, Wegovy) that provided pharmaceutical alternatives to behavioral w
- [XIV Volatility ETN Autopsy](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/portfolio-autopsies/xiv-volatility-etn-2018/) ([Markdown](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/portfolio-autopsies/xiv-volatility-etn-2018.md)): The VelocityShares Daily Inverse VIX Short-Term ETN (XIV) lost 93% of its value in a single day on February 5, 2018, when volatility spiked and the product's de
- [Zoom Video Investment Autopsy](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/portfolio-autopsies/zoom-video-2020-2022/) ([Markdown](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/portfolio-autopsies/zoom-video-2020-2022.md)): Zoom Video became essential infrastructure during COVID-19 lockdowns. Its revenue grew 326% in fiscal 2021 and attracted a $130+ billion peak valuation. When of
- [Pre-IPO Shares: Complete Investor Guide](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/pre-ipo-shares/) ([Markdown](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/pre-ipo-shares.md)): Pre-IPO shares are stock in a private company expected to go public, bought from employees, early investors or the company in private transactions, often...
- [Pre-Refunded Municipal Bonds](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/pre-refunded-municipal-bonds/) ([Markdown](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/pre-refunded-municipal-bonds.md)): Pre-refunded municipal bonds are outstanding municipal bonds whose issuer has sold new bonds and placed the proceeds in an escrow of Treasury securities...
- [Precious Metals Trusts](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/precious-metals-trusts/) ([Markdown](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/precious-metals-trusts.md)): Precious metals trusts are exchange-traded grantor trusts that hold allocated gold, silver, platinum or palladium bullion in vaults and issue shares...
- [Preferred Equity](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/preferred-equity/) ([Markdown](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/preferred-equity.md)): Preferred equity is an equity interest with contractual priority over common equity for distributions, returns, and liquidation.
- [Preferred Securities](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/preferred-securities/) ([Markdown](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/preferred-securities.md)): Preferred securities is the market's umbrella term for the hybrid instruments that sit between a company's debt and its common stock: preferred stock...
- [Preferred Stock: Complete Investor Guide](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/preferred-stock/) ([Markdown](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/preferred-stock.md)): Preferred stock is an equity security that pays a fixed or formula dividend ahead of any dividend on the common stock and ranks ahead of common in a...
- [Prime Money Market Funds](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/prime-money-market-funds/) ([Markdown](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/prime-money-market-funds.md)): A prime money market fund is a money market fund that invests in short-term corporate and bank debt such as commercial paper, certificates of deposit and...
- [Principal-at-Risk Notes](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/principal-at-risk-notes/) ([Markdown](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/principal-at-risk-notes.md)): Principal-at-risk notes are structured notes issued by banks that offer enhanced income or leveraged upside on a linked asset in exchange for exposing...
- [Principal-Protected Notes](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/principal-protected-notes/) ([Markdown](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/principal-protected-notes.md)): A principal-protected note is a structured note that promises to return at least the face amount at maturity, whatever the underlying index does, plus some...
- [Private Activity Bonds](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/private-activity-bonds/) ([Markdown](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/private-activity-bonds.md)): Private activity bonds are municipal bonds whose proceeds benefit a private business or borrower, such as a hospital, university, airport terminal, housing...
- [Private Shares: Valuation and Rule 144](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/private-company-shares/) ([Markdown](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/private-company-shares.md)): Learn how private company shares work, why valuation differs from public stocks, how Rule 144 affects resale, and what to review before investing.
- [Private Credit: Complete Investor Guide](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/private-credit/) ([Markdown](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/private-credit.md)): Private credit is lending to companies by non-bank funds rather than through banks or the public bond market, from senior secured middle-market loans...
- [Private Equity Secondaries](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/private-equity-secondaries/) ([Markdown](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/private-equity-secondaries.md)): Private equity secondaries are purchases of existing interests in private equity funds, or of portfolios of companies from those funds, from investors who...
- [Private Equity: Complete Investor Guide](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/private-equity/) ([Markdown](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/private-equity.md)): Private equity is ownership of companies that are not publicly traded, acquired and managed by funds that raise capital from institutions and accredited...
- [Private Infrastructure Funds](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/private-infrastructure-funds/) ([Markdown](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/private-infrastructure-funds.md)): Private infrastructure funds are pooled vehicles, usually limited partnerships with ten-to-fifteen-year lives or open-end funds with quarterly liquidity...
- [Private Investments in Public Equity](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/private-investments-in-public-equity/) ([Markdown](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/private-investments-in-public-equity.md)): Private investments in public equity, or PIPEs, are sales of a public company's stock or convertible securities to a small group of institutional or...
- [Private Market Co-Investments](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/private-market-co-investments/) ([Markdown](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/private-market-co-investments.md)): Private market co-investments are direct investments by a fund's limited partners in a specific company alongside the fund, in the same deal and on the same...
- [Private REITs: Complete Investor Guide](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/private-reits/) ([Markdown](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/private-reits.md)): A private REIT is a real estate investment trust that is not registered with the SEC and not listed, sold under a private placement exemption to accredited...
- [Promissory Notes](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/promissory-notes/) ([Markdown](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/promissory-notes.md)): Promissory notes are written promises by a borrower to pay a lender a stated amount with interest on a schedule, used as investments when individuals lend...
- [Public Non-Traded REITs](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/public-non-traded-reits/) ([Markdown](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/public-non-traded-reits.md)): A public non-traded REIT is a real estate investment trust registered with the SEC and sold through broker-dealers and advisers but not listed on any...
- [Publicly Traded REITs](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/publicly-traded-reits/) ([Markdown](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/publicly-traded-reits.md)): A publicly traded REIT is a real estate investment trust whose shares are listed on a stock exchange, registered with the SEC, and priced continuously by...
- [Put Options: Complete Investor Guide](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/put-options/) ([Markdown](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/put-options.md)): A put option gives its buyer the right to sell the underlying at the strike price until expiration, for a premium paid to the seller, who must buy if the...
- [Puttable Bonds: Complete Investor Guide](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/puttable-bonds/) ([Markdown](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/puttable-bonds.md)): A puttable bond gives the holder the right to sell it back to the issuer at par on one or more dates before maturity, the mirror image of a callable bond...
- [Qualified Longevity Annuity Contracts](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/qualified-longevity-annuity-contracts/) ([Markdown](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/qualified-longevity-annuity-contracts.md)): A qualified longevity annuity contract, or QLAC, is a deferred income annuity bought with IRA or 401(k)-type plan money, up to a statutory premium limit...
- [Qualified Opportunity Fund Interests](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/qualified-opportunity-fund-interests/) ([Markdown](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/qualified-opportunity-fund-interests.md)): Qualified opportunity fund interests are equity in a partnership or corporation that invests at least 90% of its assets in real estate or businesses in...
- [Railcar Leasing Investments](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/railcar-leasing-investments/) ([Markdown](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/railcar-leasing-investments.md)): Railcar leasing investments are ownership interests in freight railcars (tank cars, covered hoppers, boxcars, gondolas, intermodal cars) leased to shippers...
- [Range Accrual Notes](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/range-accrual-notes/) ([Markdown](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/range-accrual-notes.md)): Range accrual notes are structured notes that pay a high coupon for each day a reference rate or index stays within a stated range and nothing for days...
- [Rare Coins: Complete Investor Guide](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/rare-coins/) ([Markdown](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/rare-coins.md)): Rare coins are numismatic coins valued for their rarity, grade, date, mint mark and historical interest rather than for their metal content, bought and sold...
- [Raw Land: Complete Investor Guide](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/raw-land/) ([Markdown](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/raw-land.md)): Raw land is undeveloped property held for appreciation, future development, agricultural or recreational use, or resource extraction, producing little or no...
- [RBOB Gasoline: Complete Investor Guide](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/rbob-gasoline/) ([Markdown](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/rbob-gasoline.md)): RBOB gasoline, reformulated blendstock for oxygenate blending, is the gasoline component priced on the NYMEX futures contract for delivery in New York...
- [Real Estate Crowdfunding Platforms](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/real-estate-crowdfunding-investments/) ([Markdown](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/real-estate-crowdfunding-investments.md)): Real estate crowdfunding pools investor capital to fund properties through online platforms. Learn how equity vs. debt crowdfunding works, platform risk.
- [Real Estate Debt Investments](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/real-estate-debt-investments/) ([Markdown](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/real-estate-debt-investments.md)): Real estate debt investments are loans secured by property, held by investors rather than banks: senior mortgages, mezzanine loans and preferred equity...
- [Real Estate Investment Trusts](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/real-estate-investment-trusts/) ([Markdown](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/real-estate-investment-trusts.md)): A real estate investment trust is a company that owns, operates or finances income-producing real estate and that, by meeting the Internal Revenue Code's...
- [Real Estate Limited Partnerships](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/real-estate-limited-partnerships/) ([Markdown](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/real-estate-limited-partnerships.md)): Real estate limited partnerships are partnerships that own income property, with a general partner who manages and bears unlimited liability and limited...
- [Real Estate Mortgage Investment Conduit Interests: Complete Investor Guide](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/real-estate-mortgage-investment-conduit-interests/) ([Markdown](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/real-estate-mortgage-investment-conduit-interests.md)): Real estate mortgage investment conduit interests are the two classes of ownership in a REMIC, the tax vehicle under sections 860A to 860G through which...
- [Real Estate Syndications](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/real-estate-syndications/) ([Markdown](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/real-estate-syndications.md)): Real estate syndications are private offerings in which a sponsor pools money from passive investors to buy, improve and operate a property, typically an...
- [Real Estate Investments](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/real-estate/) ([Markdown](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/real-estate.md)): REITs, direct real estate, real estate crowdfunding, mortgage-backed securities, and property-related investments.
- [Registered Index-Linked Annuities](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/registered-index-linked-annuities/) ([Markdown](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/registered-index-linked-annuities.md)): A registered index-linked annuity, or RILA, is a deferred annuity registered with the SEC whose account value is credited with an index's return up to a cap...
- [Regulation A Securities: Mini-IPO Guide](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/regulation-a-securities/) ([Markdown](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/regulation-a-securities.md)): Regulation A+ allows companies to raise up to $75 million from both accredited and non-accredited investors. Learn how Tier 1 and Tier 2 offerings work.
- [Regulation Crowdfunding Securities](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/regulation-crowdfunding-securities/) ([Markdown](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/regulation-crowdfunding-securities.md)): Regulation Crowdfunding securities are stock, convertible notes, SAFEs or debt sold by small companies to the general public, including non-accredited...
- [Regulation D Private Placements](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/regulation-d-private-placements/) ([Markdown](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/regulation-d-private-placements.md)): Regulation D private placements are offerings of securities sold without SEC registration under the exemptions in Rules 504, 506(b) and 506(c), used by...
- [Renewable Energy Project Investments](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/renewable-energy-project-investments/) ([Markdown](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/renewable-energy-project-investments.md)): Renewable energy project investments are ownership and lending interests in solar, wind, hydro, geothermal, biomass and storage facilities that sell...
- [Repurchase Agreements: How Repos Work](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/repurchase-agreements/) ([Markdown](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/repurchase-agreements.md)): Repurchase agreements (repos) are short-term collateralized loans between financial institutions. Learn how the repo rate, overnight repos, tri-party repos.
- [Residential Mortgage-Backed Securities](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/residential-mortgage-backed-securities/) ([Markdown](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/residential-mortgage-backed-securities.md)): Residential mortgage-backed securities are bonds backed by pools of home loans, in two markets: agency RMBS, backed by Fannie Mae, Freddie Mac or Ginnie Mae...
- [Residential Real Estate](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/residential-real-estate/) ([Markdown](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/residential-real-estate.md)): Residential real estate as an investment is housing held for rental income or appreciation rather than occupancy: single-family houses, condominiums, small...
- [Restricted Securities](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/restricted-securities/) ([Markdown](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/restricted-securities.md)): Restricted securities are securities acquired in unregistered, private transactions from an issuer or its affiliate, such as a private placement, a...
- [Retail Foreign Exchange Contracts](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/retail-foreign-exchange-contracts/) ([Markdown](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/retail-foreign-exchange-contracts.md)): Retail foreign exchange contracts are leveraged, off-exchange spot and forward currency contracts offered to individuals by registered dealers, regulated in...
- [Retail Real Estate](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/retail-real-estate/) ([Markdown](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/retail-real-estate.md)): Retail real estate is property leased to stores, restaurants and services: neighborhood and grocery-anchored shopping centers, power centers, enclosed...
- [Revenue Anticipation Notes](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/revenue-anticipation-notes/) ([Markdown](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/revenue-anticipation-notes.md)): Revenue anticipation notes are short-term municipal notes issued in expectation of revenues other than taxes, such as state aid, federal grants, tuition...
- [Revenue Bonds: Complete Investor Guide](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/revenue-bonds/) ([Markdown](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/revenue-bonds.md)): Revenue bonds are municipal bonds repaid from the income of a specific project or system, such as a toll road, airport, water utility, hospital or...
- [Reverse Convertible Notes](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/reverse-convertible-notes/) ([Markdown](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/reverse-convertible-notes.md)): A reverse convertible note is a short-term structured note, usually six months to two years, that pays a coupon well above bond yields and returns par at...
- [Reverse Repurchase Agreements](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/reverse-repurchase-agreements/) ([Markdown](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/reverse-repurchase-agreements.md)): A reverse repurchase agreement is the cash lender's side of a repo: the lender buys securities, usually Treasuries, and agrees to sell them back at a...
- [Rice: Complete Investor Guide](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/rice/) ([Markdown](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/rice.md)): Rice is the staple food of half the world's population, grown mainly in Asia and traded internationally in a thin market dominated by India, Thailand and...
- [Royalty Interests](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/royalty-interests/) ([Markdown](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/royalty-interests.md)): Royalty interests are rights to a share of the revenue from an asset someone else operates, paid as a percentage of gross production or sales with no...
- [Royalty Trust Units](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/royalty-trust-units/) ([Markdown](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/royalty-trust-units.md)): Royalty trust units are interests in a trust that owns royalty or net profits interests in specific oil, gas or mineral properties and passes nearly all of...
- [Rule 144A Securities](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/rule-144a-securities/) ([Markdown](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/rule-144a-securities.md)): Rule 144A securities are unregistered securities, mostly bonds and some equities, that can be resold freely among qualified institutional buyers...
- [Savings Accounts](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/savings-accounts/) ([Markdown](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/savings-accounts.md)): A savings account is an insured deposit account at a bank or credit union that pays interest and allows withdrawals on demand, without the check-writing of...
- [Secured Bonds: Complete Investor Guide](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/secured-bonds/) ([Markdown](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/secured-bonds.md)): A secured bond is a bond backed by a lien on specific assets of the issuer, such as property, equipment, receivables or a pledge of shares, so that if the...
- [Securities Crowdfunding](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/securities-crowdfunding/) ([Markdown](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/securities-crowdfunding.md)): Securities crowdfunding is the sale of equity, debt or convertible securities to many small investors online, through the regulatory routes the JOBS Act...
- [Self-Storage Real Estate](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/self-storage-real-estate/) ([Markdown](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/self-storage-real-estate.md)): Self-storage real estate is property divided into individually rented storage units, leased month to month to households and small businesses, with low...
- [Senior Housing: Complete Investor Guide](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/senior-housing/) ([Markdown](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/senior-housing.md)): Senior housing is residential property for older adults with services: independent living, assisted living and memory care communities, where residents pay...
- [Senior Loans: Complete Investor Guide](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/senior-loans/) ([Markdown](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/senior-loans.md)): Senior loans are the most senior debt in a borrower's capital structure, secured by a first lien on its assets and ranking ahead of bonds, subordinated debt...
- [Senior Secured Bonds](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/senior-secured-bonds/) ([Markdown](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/senior-secured-bonds.md)): A senior secured bond is a bond that ranks at the top of an issuer's capital structure, ahead of all other debt in payment priority, and is additionally...
- [Senior Unsecured Bonds](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/senior-unsecured-bonds/) ([Markdown](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/senior-unsecured-bonds.md)): A senior unsecured bond is a bond that ranks ahead of subordinated debt and equity in the issuer's capital structure but has no collateral, so in a default...
- [Separate Managed Accounts: How SMAs Work](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/separate-accounts/) ([Markdown](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/separate-accounts.md)): Separate managed accounts (SMAs) give investors direct ownership of individual securities rather than fund shares. Learn tax-loss harvesting benefits.
- [Separately Managed Accounts](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/separately-managed-accounts/) ([Markdown](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/separately-managed-accounts.md)): A separately managed account is a portfolio of individual securities owned directly by one investor and managed by a professional under a discretionary...
- [Series EE Savings Bonds](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/series-ee-savings-bonds/) ([Markdown](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/series-ee-savings-bonds.md)): A Series EE savings bond is a non-marketable U.S. Treasury bond sold to individuals at face value that earns a fixed rate set at purchase and which the...
- [Series I Savings Bonds](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/series-i-savings-bonds/) ([Markdown](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/series-i-savings-bonds.md)): A Series I savings bond is a non-marketable U.S. Treasury bond sold to individuals at face value whose interest combines a fixed rate set for the bond's...
- [Shipping & Marine Finance](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/shipping-and-marine-finance/) ([Markdown](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/shipping-and-marine-finance.md)): Shipping and marine finance investments are ownership and lending interests in commercial vessels (tankers, bulk carriers, container ships, gas carriers)...
- [Shopping Centers](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/shopping-centers/) ([Markdown](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/shopping-centers.md)): Shopping center real estate is retail property leased to multiple tenants, from grocery-anchored neighbourhood centers and power centers with big-box...
- [Short-Term Rental Property](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/short-term-rental-property/) ([Markdown](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/short-term-rental-property.md)): Short-term rental property is residential real estate rented to travellers for nights or weeks through platforms such as Airbnb and Vrbo, operated as a...
- [SICAVs: Complete Investor Guide](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/sicavs/) ([Markdown](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/sicavs.md)): SICAVs, from the French for investment company with variable capital, are open-ended investment companies of the civil-law fund jurisdictions, above all...
- [Silver: Complete Investor Guide](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/silver/) ([Markdown](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/silver.md)): Silver is a precious metal with a split personality: half of demand is industrial (electronics, solar panels, electrical contacts), the rest investment and...
- [Single-Family Rental Property](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/single-family-rental-property/) ([Markdown](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/single-family-rental-property.md)): A single-family rental is a detached house or townhouse bought to lease to a tenant household, the most common form of direct real estate investment in the...
- [Single-Premium Immediate Annuities](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/single-premium-immediate-annuities/) ([Markdown](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/single-premium-immediate-annuities.md)): A single-premium immediate annuity, or SPIA, is a contract under which the buyer pays one lump sum and the insurer begins regular payments within a year...
- [Social Bonds: Complete Investor Guide](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/social-bonds/) ([Markdown](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/social-bonds.md)): A social bond is a bond whose proceeds are committed to projects with positive social outcomes, such as affordable housing, access to healthcare and...
- [SOFR Futures: Complete Investor Guide](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/sofr-futures/) ([Markdown](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/sofr-futures.md)): SOFR futures are cash-settled interest rate futures on the Secured Overnight Financing Rate, the Treasury-repo-based benchmark that replaced LIBOR, traded...
- [Sovereign Bonds: Complete Investor Guide](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/sovereign-bonds/) ([Markdown](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/sovereign-bonds.md)): A sovereign bond is a bond issued by a national government, in its own currency or a foreign one, to fund its deficit and refinance its debt. Issued in the...
- [Soybeans: Complete Investor Guide](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/soybeans/) ([Markdown](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/soybeans.md)): Soybeans are the largest U.S. export crop and the world's main source of vegetable protein and oil, crushed into soybean meal for animal feed and soybean...
- [SPAC Common Shares](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/spac-common-shares/) ([Markdown](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/spac-common-shares.md)): SPAC common shares are stock in a special purpose acquisition company, a shell that raises money in an IPO, typically at $10 a share, holds the proceeds in...
- [SPAC Units: Complete Investor Guide](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/spac-units/) ([Markdown](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/spac-units.md)): SPAC units are the securities sold in a special purpose acquisition company's IPO, typically at $10 each, consisting of one common share and a fraction of a...
- [SPAC Warrants: Complete Investor Guide](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/spac-warrants/) ([Markdown](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/spac-warrants.md)): SPAC warrants are options issued by a special purpose acquisition company, in its IPO units and to its sponsor, to buy common shares at $11.50 after the...
- [Sponsored ADRs: Complete Investor Guide](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/sponsored-adrs/) ([Markdown](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/sponsored-adrs.md)): Sponsored ADRs are American depositary receipts issued by a depositary bank under a deposit agreement with the foreign company itself, which chooses the...
- [Sports Memorabilia](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/sports-memorabilia/) ([Markdown](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/sports-memorabilia.md)): Sports memorabilia as investments are game-used and signed items, jerseys, balls, bats, tickets and photographs, with value resting on the athlete, the...
- [Stamps: Complete Investor Guide](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/stamps/) ([Markdown](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/stamps.md)): Stamps as investments are rare postage stamps and covers valued for scarcity, condition, errors and historical interest, bought and sold through specialist...
- [Step-Up Bonds: Complete Investor Guide](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/step-up-bonds/) ([Markdown](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/step-up-bonds.md)): A step-up bond is a bond whose coupon increases on a schedule fixed at issue, for example 4% for two years, then 5%, then 6%, so that its average coupon is...
- [Step-Up Certificates of Deposit](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/step-up-certificates-of-deposit/) ([Markdown](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/step-up-certificates-of-deposit.md)): A step-up certificate of deposit is a CD whose rate rises on a schedule fixed at purchase, for example 3% in year one, 4% in year two and 5% in year three...
- [Stock Warrants: Complete Investor Guide](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/stock-warrants/) ([Markdown](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/stock-warrants.md)): Stock warrants are securities issued by a company that give the holder the right to buy its shares at a fixed exercise price for a period of years, attached...
- [Structured Certificates](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/structured-certificates/) ([Markdown](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/structured-certificates.md)): A structured certificate is a security, usually a bank's or dealer's senior unsecured note, whose payoff is defined by a formula on an underlying asset such...
- [Structured Notes](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/structured-notes/) ([Markdown](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/structured-notes.md)): A structured note is a senior unsecured debt security of a bank or broker-dealer whose payoff is defined by a formula on an underlying asset, index or rate...
- [Structured Products Investments](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/structured-products/) ([Markdown](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/structured-products.md)): Principal-protected notes, structured notes, certificates, buffered ETFs, and other engineered investment products.
- [Student Housing: Complete Investor Guide](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/student-housing/) ([Markdown](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/student-housing.md)): Student housing is purpose-built rental property near universities, leased by the bed on 12-month leases that turn over each August, with rents and...
- [Student Loan Asset-Backed Securities](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/student-loan-asset-backed-securities/) ([Markdown](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/student-loan-asset-backed-securities.md)): Student loan asset-backed securities are bonds backed by pools of student loans, in two kinds: FFELP securities, backed by federally insured loans made...
- [Subordinated Bonds](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/subordinated-bonds/) ([Markdown](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/subordinated-bonds.md)): A subordinated bond is a bond whose claim ranks below the issuer's senior debt in a bankruptcy or liquidation, so that it is paid only after senior...
- [Subscription Rights](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/subscription-rights/) ([Markdown](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/subscription-rights.md)): Subscription rights are short-lived options a company grants to its existing shareholders to buy new shares at a set price, usually a discount to the...
- [Sugar: Complete Investor Guide](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/sugar/) ([Markdown](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/sugar.md)): Sugar is produced from sugarcane in Brazil, India and Thailand and from sugar beet in Europe and the United States, and priced internationally on the ICE...
- [Sukuk: Complete Investor Guide](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/sukuk/) ([Markdown](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/sukuk.md)): Sukuk are certificates structured to comply with Islamic law's prohibition on interest, representing undivided ownership of an asset, a lease, a venture or...
- [Supranational Bonds](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/supranational-bonds/) ([Markdown](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/supranational-bonds.md)): Supranational bonds are issued by international institutions owned by member governments, such as the World Bank (IBRD), the European Investment Bank, the...
- [Sustainability Bonds](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/sustainability-bonds/) ([Markdown](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/sustainability-bonds.md)): A sustainability bond is a bond whose proceeds fund a mix of green and social projects, combining the environmental categories of the Green Bond Principles...
- [Sustainability-Linked Bonds](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/sustainability-linked-bonds/) ([Markdown](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/sustainability-linked-bonds.md)): A sustainability-linked bond is a bond whose coupon or other financial terms change if the issuer misses or meets predefined sustainability performance...
- [Swaps: Complete Investor Guide](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/swaps/) ([Markdown](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/swaps.md)): A swap is a contract in which two parties exchange streams of cash flows over a period, each computed on a notional amount that is never itself exchanged...
- [Swaptions: Complete Investor Guide](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/swaptions/) ([Markdown](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/swaptions.md)): A swaption is an option to enter an interest rate swap at a fixed rate agreed today on a future date: a payer swaption gives the right to pay fixed (which...
- [Tax Anticipation Notes](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/tax-anticipation-notes/) ([Markdown](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/tax-anticipation-notes.md)): Tax anticipation notes are short-term municipal notes issued by a government to cover spending before its tax receipts arrive, repaid from those taxes...
- [Tax Deed Investments](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/tax-deed-investments/) ([Markdown](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/tax-deed-investments.md)): Tax deed investments are purchases of property itself at county auctions in the states that sell deeds rather than liens for unpaid property taxes: the...
- [Tax-Exempt Money Market Funds](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/tax-exempt-money-market-funds/) ([Markdown](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/tax-exempt-money-market-funds.md)): A tax-exempt money market fund, also called a municipal money market fund, invests in short-term debt of states, cities and their agencies, such as...
- [Tax Lien Certificates](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/tax-lien-certificates/) ([Markdown](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/tax-lien-certificates.md)): Tax lien certificates are claims sold by county governments on properties whose owners have not paid property taxes, bought at auction by investors who pay...
- [Taxable Municipal Bonds](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/taxable-municipal-bonds/) ([Markdown](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/taxable-municipal-bonds.md)): Taxable municipal bonds are debt of states, cities and authorities whose interest is subject to federal income tax, issued when the purpose does not qualify...
- [Tenancy-in-Common Real Estate Interests](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/tenancy-in-common-real-estate-interests/) ([Markdown](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/tenancy-in-common-real-estate-interests.md)): Tenancy-in-common real estate interests are undivided fractional interests in a single property held by up to 35 co-owners, each with a deed to their share...
- [Timberland: Complete Investor Guide](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/timberland/) ([Markdown](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/timberland.md)): Timberland is forested land held for the income from periodic timber harvests and for the appreciation of the land and the standing trees, which grow in...
- [Tin: How It Works, Risks](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/tin/) ([Markdown](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/tin.md)): Tin is a base metal used mainly as solder in electronics, with tinplate for cans, chemicals and alloys making up the rest, mined in China, Indonesia...
- [Total Return Swaps](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/total-return-swaps/) ([Markdown](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/total-return-swaps.md)): A total return swap is a contract in which one party pays the total return of a reference asset, a bond, a loan, an index or a basket, including income and...
- [Tracking Stocks: Complete Investor Guide](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/tracking-stocks/) ([Markdown](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/tracking-stocks.md)): Tracking stocks are classes of a company's common stock whose dividends and market value are meant to follow one of its divisions or subsidiaries, without...
- [Trading Cards: Complete Investor Guide](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/trading-cards/) ([Markdown](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/trading-cards.md)): Trading cards as investments are sports, entertainment and game cards, vintage and modern, bought for appreciation on the strength of the player or...
- [Treasury Bills: Complete Investor Guide](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/treasury-bills/) ([Markdown](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/treasury-bills.md)): A Treasury bill is short-term debt of the U.S. government with a maturity of one year or less, sold at a discount to its face value and repaid at face value...
- [Treasury Bonds: Complete Investor Guide](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/treasury-bonds/) ([Markdown](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/treasury-bonds.md)): A Treasury bond is U.S. government debt with an original maturity of 20 or 30 years that pays a fixed coupon every six months and returns its face value at...
- [Treasury Floating Rate Notes](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/treasury-floating-rate-notes/) ([Markdown](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/treasury-floating-rate-notes.md)): A Treasury floating rate note is a two-year U.S. government security whose coupon resets weekly to the most recent 13-week Treasury bill auction rate plus a...
- [Treasury Futures](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/treasury-futures/) ([Markdown](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/treasury-futures.md)): Treasury futures are physically settled futures on U.S. Treasury notes and bonds, with contracts on 2-, 3-, 5- and 10-year notes, Ultra 10-year, bond and...
- [Treasury Inflation-Protected Securities](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/treasury-inflation-protected-securities/) ([Markdown](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/treasury-inflation-protected-securities.md)): Treasury Inflation-Protected Securities, or TIPS, are Treasury notes and bonds whose principal is adjusted by the Consumer Price Index, so the semiannual...
- [Treasury Money Market Funds](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/treasury-money-market-funds/) ([Markdown](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/treasury-money-market-funds.md)): A Treasury money market fund is a government money market fund that holds only U.S. Treasury securities, and in some funds Treasury-collateralized...
- [Treasury Notes: Complete Investor Guide](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/treasury-notes/) ([Markdown](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/treasury-notes.md)): A Treasury note is U.S. government debt with an original maturity of two to ten years that pays a fixed coupon every six months and returns its face value...
- [Treasury STRIPS: Complete Investor Guide](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/treasury-strips/) ([Markdown](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/treasury-strips.md)): Treasury STRIPS are zero-coupon securities created by separating a Treasury note or bond into its individual coupon payments and its principal, each of...
- [Trust Preferred Securities](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/trust-preferred-securities/) ([Markdown](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/trust-preferred-securities.md)): A trust preferred security is a hybrid created when a company sets up a trust that issues preferred shares to investors and uses the proceeds to buy the...
- [UCITS Funds: Complete Investor Guide](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/ucits-funds/) ([Markdown](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/ucits-funds.md)): UCITS funds are investment funds authorized under the European Union's Undertakings for Collective Investment in Transferable Securities directive, which...
- [Unallocated Precious Metals](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/unallocated-precious-metals/) ([Markdown](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/unallocated-precious-metals.md)): Unallocated precious metals are a claim on a bank or dealer for a quantity of metal, recorded as a balance in ounces rather than as specific bars, with the...
- [Unitranche Loans](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/unitranche-loans/) ([Markdown](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/unitranche-loans.md)): A unitranche loan is a single term loan that combines what would otherwise be separate senior and subordinated tranches into one facility with one blended...
- [Universal Life Cash Value](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/universal-life-cash-value/) ([Markdown](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/universal-life-cash-value.md)): Universal life cash value is the account inside a universal life policy, a flexible-premium permanent policy in which each premium is deposited to the...
- [Unsecured Bonds: Complete Investor Guide](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/unsecured-bonds/) ([Markdown](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/unsecured-bonds.md)): An unsecured bond, or debenture, is a bond backed only by the issuer's general promise to pay and creditworthiness, with no lien on any asset. Most...
- [Unsponsored ADRs](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/unsponsored-adrs/) ([Markdown](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/unsponsored-adrs.md)): Unsponsored ADRs are American depositary receipts created by one or more depositary banks without the foreign company's participation, by buying the...
- [Uranium: Complete Investor Guide](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/uranium/) ([Markdown](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/uranium.md)): Uranium is the fuel for nuclear power, mined in Kazakhstan, Canada, Namibia and Australia, converted and enriched into reactor fuel, and sold mainly under...
- [Vacation Rental Property](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/vacation-rental-property/) ([Markdown](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/vacation-rental-property.md)): A vacation rental property is a second home in a resort or leisure destination that the owner uses part of the year and rents to travellers the rest...
- [Variable Annuities](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/variable-annuities/) ([Markdown](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/variable-annuities.md)): A variable annuity is a deferred annuity registered with the SEC whose account value is invested in subaccounts resembling mutual funds, so that it rises...
- [Variable Life Insurance](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/variable-life-insurance/) ([Markdown](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/variable-life-insurance.md)): Variable life insurance is a permanent life insurance policy, with fixed premiums in its traditional form, whose cash value is invested in subaccounts...
- [Variable Universal Life Insurance](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/variable-universal-life-insurance/) ([Markdown](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/variable-universal-life-insurance.md)): Variable universal life insurance combines the flexible premiums and adjustable death benefit of universal life with the policyholder-directed subaccount...
- [Variance Swaps: Complete Investor Guide](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/variance-swaps/) ([Markdown](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/variance-swaps.md)): A variance swap is a contract that pays the difference between the realized variance of an underlying's returns over a period, the square of its realized...
- [Venture Capital: Complete Investor Guide](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/venture-capital/) ([Markdown](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/venture-capital.md)): Venture capital is investment in early-stage private companies, from seed through growth rounds, by funds that buy preferred stock in exchange for capital...
- [Venture Debt: Complete Investor Guide](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/venture-debt/) ([Markdown](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/venture-debt.md)): Venture debt is lending to venture-backed companies that have raised equity but are not yet profitable, typically term loans of 20% to 35% of the last...
- [Viatical Settlements](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/viatical-settlements/) ([Markdown](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/viatical-settlements.md)): A viatical settlement is the sale of a life insurance policy by an insured who is terminally or chronically ill to a third party for a lump sum below the...
- [Volatility Swaps](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/volatility-swaps/) ([Markdown](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/volatility-swaps.md)): A volatility swap is a contract that pays the difference between the realized volatility of an underlying over a period and a strike agreed at inception...
- [Warehouse & Logistics Real Estate](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/warehouse-and-logistics-real-estate/) ([Markdown](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/warehouse-and-logistics-real-estate.md)): Warehouse and logistics real estate is industrial property used for storage, distribution and fulfillment: bulk distribution centers near highways and...
- [Watches: Complete Investor Guide](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/watches/) ([Markdown](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/watches.md)): Watches as investments are collectible timepieces, mainly steel sports models from a few Swiss makers, vintage references and limited editions, bought at...
- [Water Rights: Complete Investor Guide](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/water-rights/) ([Markdown](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/water-rights.md)): Water rights are legal entitlements to divert or use water from a river, aquifer or reservoir, separable from land in the western United States under prior...
- [Weekly Options: Complete Investor Guide](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/weekly-options/) ([Markdown](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/weekly-options.md)): Weekly options are listed options that expire every week, usually on Friday, rather than on the standard monthly cycle, listed on the most active stocks...
- [West Texas Intermediate Crude Oil](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/west-texas-intermediate-crude-oil/) ([Markdown](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/west-texas-intermediate-crude-oil.md)): West Texas Intermediate is the U.S. benchmark crude, a light sweet grade priced for physical delivery at Cushing, Oklahoma, through the NYMEX futures...
- [Wheat: Complete Investor Guide](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/wheat/) ([Markdown](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/wheat.md)): Wheat is the world's most widely grown food grain, produced across the United States, Russia, the European Union, Canada, Australia and Argentina, and...
- [Whisky & Spirits](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/whisky-and-spirits/) ([Markdown](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/whisky-and-spirits.md)): Whisky and spirits as investments are rare bottles and, increasingly, casks of maturing whisky held for appreciation: limited releases and closed-distillery...
- [Whole Business Securitizations](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/whole-business-securitizations/) ([Markdown](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/whole-business-securitizations.md)): Whole-business securitizations are bonds backed by substantially all of an operating company's revenue-generating assets, typically a franchise brand's...
- [Whole Life Cash Value](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/whole-life-cash-value/) ([Markdown](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/whole-life-cash-value.md)): Whole life cash value is the savings component of a whole life insurance policy: a reserve inside the contract that grows at an insurer-set rate plus any...
- [Yankee Bonds: Complete Investor Guide](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/yankee-bonds/) ([Markdown](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/yankee-bonds.md)): A Yankee bond is a dollar-denominated bond issued in the United States by a foreign company, bank, sovereign or supranational and registered with the SEC...
- [YieldCo Shares: Complete Investor Guide](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/yieldco-shares/) ([Markdown](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/yieldco-shares.md)): YieldCo shares are stock in a company formed to own operating renewable energy assets, solar and wind farms with long-term power purchase agreements...
- [Zero-Coupon Bonds](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/zero-coupon-bonds/) ([Markdown](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/zero-coupon-bonds.md)): A zero-coupon bond pays no periodic interest; it is sold at a deep discount to face value and repaid at face at maturity, so the whole return is the...
- [Zinc: Complete Investor Guide](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/zinc/) ([Markdown](https://www.getswoopr.com/investments/zinc.md)): Zinc is a base metal used mainly to galvanize steel against corrosion, with die-casting alloys, brass and chemicals making up the rest, so its demand...